Question 1

Which term used by Bharata means a spectator?

Accepted Answer

The term "prekshaka" used by Bharata refers to a spectator or audience member.

Question 2

Which term refers to any hindrance to aesthetic relish, the impediment that could be effected by poetry, the actor, or the reader.

Accepted Answer

Rasavighna refers to any obstacle or hindrance to the enjoyment of rasa (aesthetic essence or flavor) in literature or performance. It can be caused by factors related to the poetry, the performer, or the audience, preventing the full experience of aesthetic pleasure.

Question 3

What is the literal meaning of the word dhwani?

Accepted Answer

The literal meaning of the word "dhwani" in Sanskrit is "sound."

Question 4

What is the source of dhwani theory?

Accepted Answer

The dhwani theory, which is a concept in Indian poetics regarding the aesthetic suggestion of words, is derived from the sphota theory. The sphota theory, primarily associated with the grammarian Bhartrihari, posits that the meaning of language is conveyed not through individual letters or sounds but through the sphota, an indivisible unit of meaning that is revealed or manifested through spoken or written language. The dhwani theory builds on this by suggesting that poetry has the ability to suggest meanings beyond the literal, through the aesthetic and emotional resonances of words.

Question 5

Which Indian grammarian discussed the concept of dhwani in a systematic manner?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Indian grammarian discussed the concept of...

Question 6

Who opposed the theory of dhwani on the ground there was no meaning in inventing a new power for words since dhwani was subordinate to anumana?

Accepted Answer

Mahimabhatta opposed the theory of dhwani, arguing against the need for inventing a new power for words since he believed dhwani was subordinate to anumana (inference).

Question 7

What is the term used to refer to pictorial poetry?

Accepted Answer

Chitrakavya is the term used to refer to pictorial poetry, where the arrangement of words or verses creates a visual pattern or image related to the poem's theme.

Question 8

Which word refers to the primary power of signification existing in words that is capable of providing the literal or lexical meaning?

Accepted Answer

The word "abida" refers to the primary power of signification in words, which is responsible for providing their literal or lexical meaning.

Question 9

Which term by Kuntaka is used to include dhwani as a mode of varkroti ?

Accepted Answer

Kuntaka uses the term "upacharavakrata" to include dhwani as a mode of vakroti, which refers to the figurative or indirect expression in poetry.

Question 10

Which is the variety of dhwani accepted by Kuntaka that includes the employment of words of double meaning

Accepted Answer

Kuntaka's theory of Vakrokti includes the variety called 'shabdashaktimoola', which involves the use of words with multiple meanings or double entendre, showcasing the depth and complexity of poetic expression.

Question 11

In the opinion of Aristotle, whose plays are the primary models of artistic unity, dramatic construction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the opinion of Aristotle, whose plays...

Question 12

What is considered superior to the epic since it contains all the elements that give pleasure along with music and spectacle?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle, in his Poetics, argued that tragedy is superior to the epic because it includes all the elements that give pleasure to the audience, such as plot and character, along with the added effects of music and spectacle, which are not present in the epic form.

Question 13

To whom does Longinus write "On the Sublime", which is in the form of letters?

Accepted Answer

Longinus writes "On the Sublime" to Postumius Terentianus, as it is presented in the form of a letter addressed to him.

Question 14

Who is the author of The Art of Rhetoric (1553) that could be regarded the first modern treatise on English composition?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Wilson is the author of "The Art of Rhetoric" (1553), which is considered the first modern treatise on English composition.

Question 15

According to Sir Philip Sidney, which kind of poetry evokes pity because it deals with the weakness of mankind and the desolation of the world.

Accepted Answer

Elegiac poetry often deals with themes of mourning, loss, and reflection, typically evoking pity through its focus on the frailties and challenges of human life and the desolation of the world. Sidney, in his works, would have recognized this characteristic of elegiac poetry, aligning with the traditional understanding of the genre.

Question 16

Who considers Hard Times "a moral fable" with a definite intention that exhibits satiric irony in the first two chapters of his book The Great Tradition?

Accepted Answer

F.R. Leavis, in his book "The Great Tradition," considers "Hard Times" by Charles Dickens to be a "moral fable" that exhibits satiric irony, particularly in its first two chapters.

Question 17

Which play of Shakespeare does Northrop Frye use to explicate the inductive method of analysis?

Accepted Answer

Northrop Frye uses "Hamlet" to explicate the inductive method of analysis in his literary criticism and theory.

Quiz 6: Aesthetics and Literary Criticism From Aristotle to Indian Theory