Question 1

In the traditional square of opposition, if O is false, the truth value of A is ..
A)true
B)false
C)undetermined
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, if the O proposition ("Some S are not P") is false, then the A proposition ("All S are P") must be true.

Question 2

In the traditional square of opposition, if O is false, the truth value of E is …
A)true
B)false
C)undetermined
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

In the traditional square of opposition, contraries cannot both be ……………..
A)true
B)false
C)undetermined
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, contraries are propositions that cannot both be true at the same time, but they can both be false.

Question 4

In the traditional square of opposition, sub-contraries cannot both be ………
A)true
B)false
C)undetermined
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, sub-contraries are propositions that cannot both be false at the same time, but they can both be true. This is because sub-contraries are the weaker forms of statements, suggesting that at least one of them must be true.

Question 5

In the traditional square of opposition, state the relation between 'Some scientists are religious' and ' All scientists are religious'
A)contradictories
B)sub-contraries
C)contraries
D)sub-alterns

Accepted Answer

In the traditional square of opposition, 'Some scientists are religious' (particular affirmative) is a subaltern to 'All scientists are religious' (universal affirmative). Subalterns have a relationship where the truth of the universal implies the truth of the particular, but not vice versa.

Question 6

In the traditional square of opposition, state the relation between 'Some scientists are religious' and ' No scientists are religious'
A)contradictories
B)sub-contraries
C)contraries
D)sub-alterns

Accepted Answer

The statements 'Some scientists are religious' and 'No scientists are religious' are contradictories because if one is true, the other must be false, and vice versa. They cannot both be true and cannot both be false at the same time.

Question 7

In the traditional square of opposition, state the relation between 'Some scientists are religious' and ' Some scientists are not religious'
A)contradictories
B)sub-contraries
C)contraries
D)sub-alterns

Accepted Answer

Sub-contraries are propositions that both can be true but cannot both be false. In the traditional square of opposition, 'Some scientists are religious' and 'Some scientists are not religious' are sub-contraries because it's possible for both statements to be true (some scientists can be religious and some can be not religious at the same time), but it's not possible for both to be false at the same time, as that would imply there are no scientists at all.

Question 8

In simple conversion, ………………………….
A)quality changed
B)quantity changed
C)quality and quantity changed
D)no change in quality and quantity

Accepted Answer

In simple conversion, there is no change in quality and quantity; it involves a straightforward transformation without altering the inherent characteristics or amount.

Question 9

In conversion by limitation, ………………………
A)quality changed
B)quantity changed
C)quality and quantity changed
D)no change in quality and quantity

Accepted Answer

In conversion by limitation, the quantity is changed while the quality remains the same.

Question 10

Conversion of A , ……………..
A)simple conversion
B)conversion by limitation
C)no converse
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conversion of A , ……………..
A)simple conversion
B)conversion by...

Question 11

Conversion of E, ……………..
A)simple conversion
B)conversion by limitation
C)no converse
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Conversion of E is simple conversion.

Question 12

Conversion of I, ……………..
A)simple conversion
B)conversion by limitation
C)no converse
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Conversion of I (in traditional logic, a particular affirmative proposition, e.g., "Some S are P") is a simple conversion because it retains its truth value when the subject and predicate are switched (e.g., "Some P are S").

Question 13

Conversion of O, ……………..
A)simple conversion
B)conversion by limitation
C)no converse
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Conversion of O propositions (where O stands for "Some S are not P") does not allow for a valid converse. This is because from the statement "Some S are not P," one cannot logically infer anything specific about the relationship between P and S in terms of conversion.

Question 14

Converse of 'All Indians are Asiatics'
A)all asiatics are indians
B)some asiatics are i ndians
C)some indians are asiatics
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The converse of a statement "All A are B" is "Some B are A". Therefore, the converse of "All Indians are Asiatics" is "Some Asiatics are Indians".

Question 15

Converse of 'No Indians are Asiatics'
A)all asiatics are indians
B)some asiatics are indians
C)some indians are asiatics
D)no asiatics are indians

Accepted Answer

The converse of a statement switches the subject and predicate. The original statement "No Indians are Asiatics" when converted, becomes "No Asiatics are Indians," which maintains the same relationship of exclusion between the two groups.

Question 16

Converse of 'Some Indians are Asiatics'
A)all asiatics are indians
B)some asiatics are indians
C)some indians are asiatics
D)no asiatics are indians

Accepted Answer

The converse of a statement "Some Indians are Asiatics" is obtained by flipping the subject and predicate, resulting in "Some Asiatics are Indians."

Question 17

Obverse of 'All Judges are lawyers'
A)no judges are non-lawyers
B)all judges are non-lawyers
C)no lawyers are judges
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The obverse of a statement involves negating the predicate. The obverse of "All judges are lawyers" is "No judges are non-lawyers."

Question 18

Obverse of 'No Judges are lawyers'
A)no judges are non-lawyers
B)all judges are non-lawyers
C)no lawyers are judges
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obverse of 'No Judges are lawyers'
A)no judges...

Question 19

Obverse of 'Some Judges are lawyers'
A)no judges are non-lawyers
B)some judges are not non-lawyers
C)some lawyers are judges
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The obverse of a statement involves changing the quality (affirmative to negative or vice versa) and negating the predicate. So, "Some judges are lawyers" becomes "Some judges are not non-lawyers," which keeps the same meaning but changes the form.

Question 20

Obverse of 'Some Judges are not lawyers'
A)some judges are non-lawyers
B)all judges are non-lawyers
C)some lawyers are non- judges
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The obverse of a statement is formed by negating both the subject and predicate while maintaining the truth value. The obverse of "Some judges are not lawyers" is "Some judges are non-lawyers."

Quiz 4: Traditional Square of Opposition and Immediate Inferences

In the traditional square of opposition, if O is false, the truth value of A is ..

In the traditional square of opposition, if O is false, the truth value of E is …

In the traditional square of opposition, contraries cannot both be ……………..

In the traditional square of opposition, sub-contraries cannot both be ………

In the traditional square of opposition, state the relation between 'Some scientists are religious' and ' All scientists are religious'

In the traditional square of opposition, state the relation between 'Some scientists are religious' and ' No scientists are religious'

In the traditional square of opposition, state the relation between 'Some scientists are religious' and ' Some scientists are not religious'

In simple conversion, ………………………….

In conversion by limitation, ………………………

Conversion of A , ……………..

Conversion of E, ……………..

Conversion of I, ……………..

Conversion of O, ……………..

Converse of 'All Indians are Asiatics'

Converse of 'No Indians are Asiatics'

Converse of 'Some Indians are Asiatics'

Obverse of 'All Judges are lawyers'

Obverse of 'No Judges are lawyers'

Obverse of 'Some Judges are lawyers'

Obverse of 'Some Judges are not lawyers'