A 25-year-old woman is visiting the clinic for her first prenatal visit.Which laboratory screening is appropriate at this time?

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At the onset of pregnancy,a routine prenatal panel usually includes a complete blood cell count,syphilis serology,rubella antibody titre,hepatitis B surface antigen,blood type and Rhesus factor with antibody screen,and human immunodeficiency virus screen.Other screening may be required for special populations,A clean-catch urine sample is collected for urinalysis.All women should receive timely genetic counselling and screening.The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada recommends that all pregnant women be offered noninvasive screening for Down syndrome,trisomy 18,and open neural tube defects.In the second trimester,maternal serum is analyzed for a-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin.Carrier screening for cystic fibrosis is offered in order to check whether a person carries the abnormal gene that causes cystic fibrosis.

A 25-Year-Old Woman Is Visiting the Clinic for Her First