Question 1

The ability to identify previously encountered material is ______________________

Accepted Answer

Recognition refers to the ability to identify previously encountered material, such as when you recognize a face you have seen before or a piece of music you have heard.

Question 2

The ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material is ______________

Accepted Answer

Recall is the specific cognitive process that involves retrieving information from memory without the aid of or with very few external cues. This process is often tested through fill-in-the-blank or essay questions, where one must retrieve information without having the answer options in front of them, unlike recognition tasks.

Question 3

________________ is the tendency to perceive a stationary point of light in a dark room as moving.

Accepted Answer

The autokinetic effect is the phenomenon where a stationary point of light in a dark room appears to move due to small involuntary eye movements.

Question 4

The triarchic theory of intelligence is given by _______________

Accepted Answer

The triarchic theory of intelligence, which proposes that intelligence can be divided into three parts: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence, was developed by Robert Sternberg.

Question 5

The use of mental images and concepts, problem solving and decision making, and language capabilities are cognitive abilities that are aspects of what is commonly called _______________.

Accepted Answer

These cognitive abilities are aspects of intelligence, which encompasses mental imagery, concepts, problem solving, decision making, and language capabilities.

Question 6

_______________ calculated the IQ by comparing an individual's score to the scores of others in the same general age group whose average score was statistically fixed at 100.

Accepted Answer

David Wechsler developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and other tests, which calculate IQ by comparing an individual's score to the scores of others in the same age group, with the average score fixed at 100.

Question 7

_______________ believes there are multiple intelligences and he defines intelligence as the ability to solve problems or create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings.

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner is the psychologist who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed attribute, but rather a range of abilities, skills, and talents that individuals possess.

Question 8

Based on the work of Charles Darwin and his scientifically based theory of evolution, psychologists devised lengthy lists of ___________________ to account for every conceivable human behavior.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists, influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, developed extensive lists of instincts to explain a wide range of human behaviors, viewing these instincts as innate and universal across humanity.

Question 9

The forces that act on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the term used to describe the forces that act on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. It encompasses the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior.

Question 10

_____________ in Freud's theory is the partly conscious self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules.

Accepted Answer

The superego in Freud's theory represents the moralistic and idealistic component of personality, incorporating the values and morals learned from parents and society, functioning to uphold societal rules and ideals.

Question 11

According to Freud, ________________ is the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in touch with the demands of the external world.

Accepted Answer

The ego is the component of personality in Freudian psychoanalytic theory that is considered to be the rational part, mediating between the desires of the id, the moral and ethical standards of the superego, and the realities of the external world.

Question 12

______________ is the ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.

Accepted Answer

Displacement is the ego defense mechanism where an individual redirects emotional impulses from a real object to a substitute object that is less threatening. This can occur when direct expression towards the real object might lead to negative consequences.

Question 13

___________________ refers to the awareness of environmental demands and the capacity to accommodate them by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist.

Accepted Answer

The reality principle refers to the process of adjusting one's behavior to meet the demands of the external world, including delaying gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances. This contrasts with the pleasure principle, which seeks immediate gratification of needs and desires.

Question 14

_______________ is a fundamental emotion that Horney described as the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world.

Accepted Answer

Basic anxiety is the term Karen Horney used to describe the fundamental feeling of being isolated and helpless that a child experiences, which can lead to neurosis.

Question 15

Cognitive skills, abilities, and attitudes that emerge through developmental experiences involving the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors represent the person's _________________.

Accepted Answer

The self-system encompasses cognitive skills, abilities, and attitudes that develop through interactions involving behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. It is a broader concept that includes how individuals think about themselves and their relationships with the world around them.

Quiz 1: Psychology Terminology and Concepts