Question 1

The secretion of the intrinsic factor occurs in :
A)Parietal cells of the stomach.
B)Chief cells of the stomach.
C)Upper duodenum.
D)Beta cells of pancreas.

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. This glycoprotein is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

Question 2

So-called hunger pangs :
A)Are truly due to smooth muscle spasm of the transverse colon.
B)Are associated with esophageal and pyloric contraction that coexist with an empty relaxed stomach.
C)Are more common if starvation is associated with hypoglycaemia.
D)May occur in a totally vagotomized patient.

Accepted Answer

Hunger pangs are more common when starvation is associated with hypoglycemia, as low blood sugar levels can trigger the sensation of hunger.

Question 3

Basal acid output is increased with which of the following :
A)Acidification of the antrum.
B)Administration of a H? receptor antagonist.
C)Vagotomy.
D)Alkalinization of the antrum.

Accepted Answer

Alkalinization of the antrum increases gastrin release, which in turn increases basal acid output. Acidification of the antrum, administration of an H2 receptor antagonist, and vagotomy all decrease acid production.

Question 4

The cephalic phase of gastric secretion :
A)Occurs when food reach the stomch.
B)Isnot accompanied by release of GRP.
C)Is controlled by the vagi nerves.
D)Isnot blocked by injection of atropine.

Accepted Answer

The cephalic phase of gastric secretion is controlled by the vagus nerves, which are activated by the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food, stimulating gastric secretion before food reaches the stomach.

Question 5

Gastric HCL secretion :
A)Is a passive process that occurs in all parts of the stomach.
B)Is stimulated by somatostatin,cimetidine & pyrenzepine.
C)Is inhibited by histamine,gastrin & acetylcholine.
D)plays a significant rule in iron absorption.

Accepted Answer

Gastric HCl secretion plays a significant role in iron absorption by converting dietary iron into its soluble, ferrous form, which is more easily absorbed in the duodenum.

Question 6

The gastric peristalsis :
A)Depends on the basis of electric rhythm (BER).
B)Originates at the mid point of the greater curvature and increases in intensity as it sweeps towards the pylorus.
C)Is associated with a strong contraction of the antrum ant the end of each wave.
D)Always ejects the contents of the gastric antrum into the duodenum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gastric peristalsis :
A)Depends on the basis...

Question 7

All of the following statements are untrue except:
A)Peptic ulcers can be treated by anticholinesterase drugs.
B)gastric secretion in response to hypoglycemia is due to gastrin.
C)Peptic ulcers tend to heal by removal of the pyloric antrum.
D)Vomiting occurs more by smooth muscle than by skeletal muscle activity.

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcers can indeed heal following the removal of the pyloric antrum, as this procedure can reduce the production of gastric acid by removing the area of the stomach that produces a significant amount of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates acid secretion. This reduction in acid can allow the ulcer to heal. The other options are incorrect: anticholinesterase drugs are not typically used to treat peptic ulcers (they can actually worsen symptoms by increasing gastric acid secretion), gastric secretion in response to hypoglycemia is not primarily due to gastrin, and vomiting is primarily a function of skeletal muscle activity (the act of vomiting is controlled by the brain and involves the coordinated contraction of skeletal muscles, not smooth muscles).

Question 8

Which of the following statement is true?:
A)The intrinsic factors is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa.
B)The gastric juice can't digest the gastric mucosa because the cell membranes contain a pepsin activator.
C)The stomach normally absorbs about 30% of the ingested food.
D)The secretion of the gastric juice is associated with increased H? in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic factor, which is crucial for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine, is indeed secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. This is a key component in the digestive process and is necessary for proper nutrition.

Question 9

Under normal condition, the gastric secretion is:
A)Not affected by presence of food in the stomach.
B)Stimulated by norepinephrine and inhibited bu curare.
C)Increased by distention of the stomach.
D)Maximal before food ingestion.

Accepted Answer

Gastric secretion is increased by the distention of the stomach. This is because the presence of food in the stomach stretches its walls, triggering the gastric phase of digestion, which involves the release of gastric juices to aid in the breakdown of food.

Question 10

About pepsins:
A)There are 5 types of exopeptidase enzymes.
B)They are secreted by endocytosis as active enzymes.
C)They are incapable of autoactivation
D)Their optimum pH of action is 1.6- 3.2.

Accepted Answer

Pepsins are a group of proteolytic enzymes that work optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, with an optimum pH range of 1.6 to 3.2. They are not exopeptidases (which cleave amino acids from the ends of peptides) but are endopeptidases, breaking peptide bonds within the chain. They are secreted as inactive precursors called pepsinogens, which are activated to pepsins in the acidic environment of the stomach, demonstrating their capability for autoactivation.

Question 11

The stomach is a poor area for absorption primarily because:
A)Most foods are swallowed before ptyalin has a chance to breakdown starch
B)pH of the stomach is too high
C)The junction between epithelial cells presents wide space for fluid/ion movement
D)The stomach lacks villous membranes.

Accepted Answer

The stomach lacks villous membranes, which are crucial for absorption in the intestines. Villi increase the surface area for absorption, and their absence in the stomach makes it a poor area for absorbing most nutrients.

Question 12

Hydrochloric acid secretion:
A)Is accomplished by passive diffusion.
B)Requires the dissociation of water with subsequent exchange of the hydrogen ion for potassium ion.
C)Requires anaerobic metabolism.
D)Utilize protein molecules to neutralize OH? remaining in the secretory cells.

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach involves the active transport of hydrogen ions (H+) into the gastric lumen. This process is facilitated by the enzyme H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) which exchanges potassium ions (K+) from the gastric lumen with hydrogen ions from the parietal cells. This requires energy and is not a passive process, nor does it rely on anaerobic metabolism. The remaining hydroxide ions (OH-) in the parietal cells can combine with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate and water, which are then transported back into the blood, rather than being neutralized by protein molecules within the cells.

Question 13

A 45 years old man is found to have a condition in which the parietal cells of his stomach have been destroyed by an autoimmune mechanism. This condition is often associated with which of the following?:
A)Prenicious anaemia.
B)Gastric ulcerarion
C)Steatorrhea.
D)Protein deficiency.

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia is often associated with the destruction of parietal cells by an autoimmune mechanism, as these cells are responsible for the production of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, leading to pernicious anemia.

Question 14

It's believed that in parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (which secrete hydrochloric acid), an active transport system is responsible for the transmembrane passage of:
A)Chloride
B)Carbon dioxide.
C)Bicarbonate.
D)Water

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells use an active transport system to secrete hydrochloric acid, which involves the movement of chloride ions across the cell membrane.

Question 15

Pepsin, secreted by the gastric mucosa:
A)Continues to act in the neutral medium of the duodenum.
B)Is proteolytic on the mucosal surface, in the alkaline medium provided by the mucus secreted by the surface cells of the stomach.
C)Is synthesized within the chief cells.
D)Doesnot increased in concentration in response to the mental stimuli found in the so'called cephalic phase of gastric digestion

Accepted Answer

Pepsin is synthesized within the chief cells of the stomach as an inactive precursor called pepsinogen, which is then activated to pepsin in the acidic environment of the stomach.

Question 16

Acid secretion in ulcer disease can be reduced by which of the following?
A)Blockage of secretin secretion
B)Blockage of histamine H? receptors.
C)Blockage of action of pepsin
D)Treatment with antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

Blockage of histamine H2 receptors reduces acid secretion in the stomach, which is beneficial in treating ulcer disease.

Question 17

The normally innervated stomach :
A)Is stimulated to secrete gastric juice when food is chewed, even if it's not swallowed
B)Can`t secrete HCL when its H? histamine receptors are blocked
C)the denervated stomach can secrete gastric juice after a meal is ingested.
D)Empties more quickly than the denervated stomach.

Accepted Answer

Chewing food stimulates the cephalic phase of gastric secretion through neural pathways, leading to gastric juice secretion even if the food is not swallowed.

Question 18

Under the normal conditions, the bulk of gastric secretions are produces:
A)Before the food is ingested and while the pleasure of it's ingestion is anticipated
B)While the food stays in the stomach.
C)After the food has entered the duodenum.
D)During fasting periods.

Accepted Answer

The majority of gastric secretions are produced while food is in the stomach. This is because the presence of food stimulates the stomach to produce gastric juices, which are necessary for the digestion of food. This phase of gastric secretion is known as the gastric phase and is responsible for about 70% of the total volume of gastric juice produced.

Question 19

Mucous presents on the surface of the mucosa of the stomach,smal and large intestine is:
A)Resistant to enzymes secreted into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
B)Alkaline, and thus a poor buffer for alkaline foods.
C)A non-amphoteric protein.
D)Easily removed from the surface of the stomach by the gastric secretions during the gastric phase of digestion.

Accepted Answer

Mucous on the surface of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, is resistant to the enzymes secreted into the lumen. This resistance helps protect the mucosal lining from digestive enzymes and the acidic environment, especially in the stomach.

Question 20

The enterogastric reflex can be elicted by which of the following?:
A)Distension of the duodenum
B)Acid chime in the duodenum.
C)Hyperosmotic chime in the duodenum.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The enterogastric reflex is triggered by several factors including the distension of the duodenum, the presence of acid chime, and hyperosmotic chime in the duodenum. This reflex helps regulate the rate at which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine, ensuring optimal digestion and absorption.

Quiz 3: Gastric Secretion and Functioning of the Stomach

The secretion of the intrinsic factor occurs in :

So-called hunger pangs :

Basal acid output is increased with which of the following :

The cephalic phase of gastric secretion :

Gastric HCL secretion :

The gastric peristalsis :

All of the following statements are untrue except:

Which of the following statement is true?:

Under normal condition, the gastric secretion is:

About pepsins:

The stomach is a poor area for absorption primarily because:

Hydrochloric acid secretion:

A 45 years old man is found to have a condition in which the parietal cells of his stomach have been destroyed by an autoimmune mechanism. This condition is often associated with which of the following?:

It's believed that in parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (which secrete hydrochloric acid) , an active transport system is responsible for the transmembrane passage of:

Pepsin, secreted by the gastric mucosa:

Acid secretion in ulcer disease can be reduced by which of the following?

The normally innervated stomach :

Under the normal conditions, the bulk of gastric secretions are produces:

Mucous presents on the surface of the mucosa of the stomach,smal and large intestine is:

The enterogastric reflex can be elicted by which of the following?: