Question 1

Cartesian method begins with _______
A)methodic doubt
B)empirical facts
C)existence
D)dialogue

Accepted Answer

The Cartesian method begins with methodic doubt, which involves doubting everything that can possibly be doubted to establish what can be known with certainty.

Question 2

Cartesian doubt is not ________
A)methodic
B)positive
C)skeptical
D)intuitive

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

According to Descartes, genuine knowledge is ________
A)doubtful
B)clear and distinct
C)not possible
D)not certain

Accepted Answer

Descartes posited that genuine knowledge must be clear and distinct, meaning that for something to be known, it must be so self-evident and unmistakable that it cannot be doubted. This is a foundational aspect of his philosophical method, which begins with methodical doubt to arrive at indubitable truths.

Question 4

_________ is self-evident truth.
A)doubt
B)empirical fact
C)imagination
D)axiom

Accepted Answer

An axiom is considered a self-evident truth that does not require proof to be accepted as true, which is why it is the correct choice.

Question 5

Descartes rejected the reliability of _______ as a sure source of truth.
A)sense perception
B)authority
C)both (a) and (b)
D)neither (a) nor (b)

Accepted Answer

Descartes famously doubted the reliability of sense perception as a source of truth in his methodological skepticism, and he also questioned the authority of traditional knowledge sources, seeking instead a foundation for knowledge that could be known with certainty.

Question 6

Doubt leading to 'indubitable certainty' is a characteristic feature of _________.
A)cartesian method
B)skepticism
C)both (a) and (b)
D)neither (a) nor (b)

Accepted Answer

The Cartesian method, developed by René Descartes, involves systematic doubt to reach indubitable certainty.

Question 7

According to Descartes, __________ is the first and most certain knowledge.
A)doubt
B)cogito ergo sum
C)skepticism
D)all these

Accepted Answer

Descartes famously concluded "cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am) as the first and most certain knowledge that could not be doubted, establishing the foundation for his epistemology.

Question 8

The axiom of ___________ is the basis of Descartes' argument for the existence of God.
A)doubt
B)method
C)knowledge
D)causality

Accepted Answer

Descartes' argument for the existence of God is based on the axiom of causality, which posits that there must be at least as much reality in the cause as in the effect, leading him to conclude that the idea of a perfect God must have been caused by a perfect being.

Question 9

________ had developed a distinct philosophical method.
A)socrates
B)descartes
C)both (a) and (b)
D)neither (a) nor (b)

Accepted Answer

Both Socrates and Descartes developed distinct philosophical methods. Socrates is known for the Socratic method, which involves asking a series of questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas. Descartes is famous for his method of doubt, which involves questioning all beliefs that could possibly be doubted to establish a firm foundation for genuine knowledge.

Question 10

_________ refers to a philosophical method.
A)phenomenological
B)socratic
C)cartesian
D)all these

Accepted Answer

All these options refer to philosophical methods. Phenomenological relates to the study of structures of experience and consciousness. Socratic is named after Socrates and involves asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking. Cartesian is related to the philosophy of René Descartes, emphasizing doubt and analytical thought.

Question 11

Cartesian method aims at _______ knowledge.
A)skeptical
B)empirical
C)clear and distinct
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The Cartesian method, named after René Descartes, emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge that is clear and distinct, relying on rationality and methodical doubt to achieve certainty.

Question 12

Descartes' passion for ________ had influenced his philosophical method.
A)philosophy
B)doubt
C)ethics
D)mathematics

Accepted Answer

Descartes' passion for mathematics significantly influenced his philosophical method, leading him to apply mathematical principles and a deductive approach to philosophy.

Question 13

Cogito ergo sum is a/an _________ truth like 2+2=4.
A)axiomatic
B)uncertain
C)indistinct
D)doubtful

Accepted Answer

Cogito ergo sum, which translates to "I think, therefore I am," is considered an axiomatic truth because it is a self-evident proposition that serves as a starting point for further reasoning, much like the mathematical truth that 2+2=4.

Question 14

________ was the inventor of dialectic method.
A)marx
B)descartes
C)socrates
D)husserl

Accepted Answer

Socrates is credited with the invention of the dialectic method, also known as the Socratic method, which involves asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas.

Question 15

Socratic Method is not __________.
A)conceptual
B)definitional
C)mathematical
D)conversational

Accepted Answer

The Socratic Method is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions. It is not mathematical in nature, as it focuses more on conceptual understanding, definitions, and conversational exchanges rather than numerical or mathematical analysis.

Question 16

'Irony' is a characteristic of _________ Method.
A)cartesian
B)phenomenological
C)socratic
D)all these

Accepted Answer

Irony is a characteristic of the Socratic Method, where Socrates would pretend ignorance in order to encourage others to express their views and then he would question and expose the contradictions in their views, leading them to a clearer understanding.

Question 17

Socratic dialectic is _________.
A)inductive
B)deductive
C)both (a) and (b)
D)neither (a) nor (b)

Accepted Answer

Socratic dialectic involves both inductive reasoning, as it generalizes from specific instances to broader principles, and deductive reasoning, as it applies general principles to specific cases.

Question 18

Brentano and Husserl are founders of ________ method.
A)phenomenological
B)scientific
C)inductive
D)dialectical

Accepted Answer

Brentano and Husserl are considered founders of the phenomenological method, which emphasizes the detailed examination of consciousness and the objects of direct experience.

Question 19

Phenomenologists attack __________.
A)reductionism
B)psychologism
C)scientism
D)all these

Accepted Answer

Phenomenologists critique reductionism, psychologism, and scientism, arguing that these approaches oversimplify or misrepresent the complexity and depth of human experience.

Question 20

Reduction or exclusion is a procedure in _________ method.
A)phenomenological
B)socratic
C)cartesian
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Reduction or exclusion is a procedure in the phenomenological method, where it is used to set aside biases and assumptions to focus on the essence of experiences.

Quiz 4: Philosophical Methods and Approaches

Cartesian method begins with _______

Cartesian doubt is not ________

According to Descartes, genuine knowledge is ________

_________ is self-evident truth.

Descartes rejected the reliability of _______ as a sure source of truth.

Doubt leading to 'indubitable certainty' is a characteristic feature of _________.

According to Descartes, __________ is the first and most certain knowledge.

The axiom of ___________ is the basis of Descartes' argument for the existence of God.

________ had developed a distinct philosophical method.

_________ refers to a philosophical method.

Cartesian method aims at _______ knowledge.

Descartes' passion for ________ had influenced his philosophical method.

Cogito ergo sum is a/an _________ truth like 2+2=4.

________ was the inventor of dialectic method.

Socratic Method is not __________.

'Irony' is a characteristic of _________ Method.

Socratic dialectic is _________.

Brentano and Husserl are founders of ________ method.

Phenomenologists attack __________.

Reduction or exclusion is a procedure in _________ method.