Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true about effective hand washing, according to the CDC guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Gloves are the substitute for routine hand washing
The CDC states that the most important measure in preventing the spread of pathogens is through effective hand washing.
The use of gloves is not a substitute for routine hand washing. Hands must be washed before and after the use of gloves and between patients. Vigorously lather plain soap and use towels to dry hands. Watches, bracelets, and rings must be removed to prevent the harboring of microorganisms. Nails must be kept short and clean.

Question 2

Which one the following steps should be taken if there is damage to the ultrasound machine?

Accepted Answer

Call for assistance and do not use the machine if there is damage to the ultrasound machine.
According to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), employees should inspect the equipment before using. If there is a fault, then the equipment should not be used and assistance should be called.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is the federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation. The agency develops workplace standards to ensure safe working conditions in places of employment.It puts limitts on chemical exposure, employee access to information, states requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements for safety procedures etc.

Question 3

What is the first aid for an infant with an obstructed airway?

Accepted Answer

Flip infant face down and give five back throws is the first aid for an infant with an obstructed airway.
In the case of an infant with obstructed airway, flip the child face down and provide five back throws.
The fingers should not be put blindly into the child's mouth in hopes of finding the object. Do this only if the object is visible.

Question 4

If a person is performing CPR on a child, what is the compression to ventilation ratio?

Accepted Answer

When performing CPR on a child, the compression to ventilation ratio is30:2.
If there is no pulse, begin with chest compressions and provide rescue breathing. The clinician's hands should be placed over the lower half of the patient's sternum between the nipples. Push down by using the heel of one hand with the other hand on top. Compressions should be at least 100 per minute. Tilt the patient's head to do rescue breathing. For a child, depress the chest one third to one half of the chest depth. Compression to ventilation ratio for a one-person CPR for children is 30:2. For a two-person CPR for children, the ratio should be 15:2.

Question 5

According to standard precautions, which one of the body fluids is considered as non-critical?

Accepted Answer

Sweat is considered as non-critical according to standard precautions.
Standard precautions are designed to protect the health care professional against blood, bodily fluids, and excretions (except sweat), regardless of whether they contain blood, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, or saliva.
Standard precaution is the expanded new term for Universal precaution. Universal precaution was based on the concept that all blood and body fluids that might be contaminated with blood should be treated as infectious because patients with blood borne infections can be asymptomatic or unaware they are infected. For a clinical dental practice, no operational difference exists between universal precautions and standard precautions.

Question 6

Which is the germicide called that is used on skin or living tissue?

Accepted Answer

Antiseptic is the germicide used on the skin or living tissue.
Disinfectants are germicides used on inanimate objects (e.g., floors, walls, or sinks) to destroy all recognized pathogenic microorganisms, but not necessarily all bacterial endospores.
Sterilization is the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores, by physical or chemical means. Sterile means free from all living microorganisms. Sterilization is commonly used for instruments.
Surfactants can loosen, emulsify, and hold organisms in suspension, so as to be more readily rinsed away.

Question 7

Which statement is NOT true about lifting?

Accepted Answer

Avoid lifting close to the body is not true about lifting.
According to OSHA, objects should be lifted close to the body to avoid excess stress on the back.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is the federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation. The agency develops workplace standards to ensure safe working conditions in places of employment.It puts limitts on chemical exposure, employee access to information, states requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements for safety procedures etc.

Question 8

The term "physical therapist" and "physiotherapist" are synonymous. The term "physical therapist assistant" and "physical therapist aide" are synonymous.

Accepted Answer

Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.
The terms "physical therapist" and "physiotherapist" are synonymous. So Statement1 is true.
Physical therapy assistants must graduate from a physical therapy assistant program accredited by Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) and licensor or certification is required in most states. Whereas physical therapy aides are trained on the job and are not eligible to provide physical therapy treatment by many insurance providers. Therefore, the terms "physical therapist assistant" and "physical therapist aide" are NOT synonymous. Hence, Statement 2 is false.

Question 9

Which federal agency develops the workplace standards to ensure safe working conditions in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is the federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation. The agency develops workplace standards to ensure safe working conditions for every employee in the places of employment.It puts limitts on chemical exposure, employee access to the information, states requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements for safety procedures etc.
CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) is the agency for federal public health. It focuses on infectious diseases and provides information regarding infection control. It is not a regulatory agency and does not test nor evaluate products.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is the federal agency charged with the protection of human health and the environment. It controls the safety of drinking water, air safety, oil pollution, and dental amalgam safety. It regulates disinfectants used on environmental surfaces (housekeeping and clinical purposes).
FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is the federal agency responsible for the safety, efficacy, and security of human and biological products, medical devices, the nation's food supply, products that emit radiation etc. It regulates the labeling on packaging. It regulates liquid chemicals sterilants, and high-level disinfectants used on semi-critical and critical patient-care devices.

Question 10

According to APTA (American Physical Therapy Association), which of the following standards of ethical conduct should be followed by physical therapy assistants?

Accepted Answer

Physical therapist assistants shall make sound decisions in collaboration with the physical therapist and within the boundaries established by laws and regulations is one of the standards of ethical conduct that should be followed by physical therapy assistants.
The other standards of ethical conduct are:
Physical therapist assistants shall participate in efforts to meet the health needs of people locally, nationally, or globally.
Physical therapist assistants shall fulfill their legal and ethical obligations.
Physical therapist assistants shall demonstrate integrity in their relationships with patients/clients, families, colleagues, students, other health care providers, employers, payers, and the public.

Question 11

Which organization defines workplace violence as "violent acts directed toward persons at work or on duty."?

Accepted Answer

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)defines the workplace violence as "violent acts directed toward persons at work or on duty."
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines workplace violence as incidents where staff are abused, threatened, or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, including commuting to and from work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being, or health"

Question 12

When an individual is refused medical care because of color discrimination, it belongs to which category of law?

Accepted Answer

When an individual is refused medical care because of color discrimination, it belongs to civil law.
There are two main categories of law - civil and criminal. Criminal law covers the crimes against the society. Civil law covers the crimes against an individual.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects individuals from discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in any program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance from the Department of Health and Human Services, which includes providing services more limited in scope or lower in quality, limiting participation in a program.
Contract law is also categorized as civil law, but is related to the agreements made between two or more parties.
Tort law involves wrongful conduct against a person.

Question 13

In which type of sampling methodology is every item of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample?

Accepted Answer

In simple random sampling methodology every item of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
Simple random sampling is also called chance sampling or probability sampling (e.g. the lottery system). In this sampling every item has an equal chance of being selected.
Deliberate sampling is also called purposive sampling or non- probability sampling. In this type of sampling, the sampling is done by purposive selection of particular units.
In judgment sampling, the researcher's judgment is used as a primary element for selecting items. This kind of sampling is commonly used in qualitative research.
Systematic sampling is done by picking some random point in the list, and then every nth element is selected until the desired sample size is attained.

Question 14

What is the name of the variable that is a consequence of another variable?

Accepted Answer

If one variable is a consequence of another variable, it is called a dependent variable.
If the height is affected by age, then the height is a dependent variable, whereas the age is an independent variable.
Independent variable is the variable antecedent to the dependent variable.
If the variable does not lie in between the two specified values, it is called a discrete variable.
Independent variables that are not related to the purpose of the study but still it may affect the dependent variables are called extraneous variables.

Question 15

What is validity?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which the instrument is supposed to measure is called validity.
Accuracy and precision of a measurement procedure is called reliability.
Practicality is the characteristics of the measuring instrument judged in terms of economy, convenience, and interpretability.

Question 16

Which data collection method is used for collecting secondary data?

Accepted Answer

Books are used to collect secondary data.
Secondary data is the data already available. They have already been collected by someone and may be published or unpublished. Books, journals, reports, letters etc. are examples of secondary data.
Other methods mentioned in the choices are used for primary data collection.
Projective techniques are used in psychology to use projection to infer underlying motives or intentions. This technique is most importantly followed in motivational research or in attitude surveys.
Questionnaires are generally used in enquiries. The set of questions are sent and requested to be returned with an answer.
Observation method is mainly used in behavioral studies.

Question 17

Which is the highest level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ratio level is the highest level of measurement.
Ratio level gives all the information of nominal, ordinal, and interval levels and above that as well.
Nominal level is the basic level. It gives the least information.
Interval level is the actual numerical scores which allows for a direct mathematical comparison.
Ordinal level ranks the order of the data according to the dimension.

Question 18

Which statement is true regarding the questionnaire method of data collection?

Accepted Answer

Non-response is usually high in the questionnaire method of data collection is the true statement.
A questionnaire is sent through the mail. It is a more economical method than schedule. In a schedule methodology expenses are high for paying for field research workers. Since a questionnaire is sent through the mail, the identity of the responding person is always unclear.

Quiz 5: Safety Professionalism and Evidence Based Care