Question 1

The Stefan-Boltzmann law of physics refers to:

Accepted Answer

The Stefan-Boltzmann law of physics refers to the process of heat transferring from an area of higher heat to an area of lower heat through electromagnetic waves. This can be evident through the use of infrared scanners that show how humans emit heat in the environment.

Question 2

Pepsinogen is an enzyme that, when released into the stomach, is activated by acid to form Pepsin. Pepsin is responsible for the hydrolysis of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin is responsible for the hydrolysis or break-down of proteins in the stomach into polypeptides and partially-digested proteinaceous foods. 99% of the pepsinogen that is released into the stomach stays there to activate pepsin. The remaining 1% gets absorbed and goes into the blood stream.

Question 3

Which of the following bones are considered part of the finger?

Accepted Answer

The proximal phalanx is the bone of the finger closest to the hand and connects to the metacarpal, which is part of the hand, but not part of the finger. The three bones that make up the finger are proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, and distal phalanx.

Question 4

Which of the following vaccinations is not recommended in the first 2 months of life?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A is only transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is considered a danger in areas where food and water contamination are high. It is not recommended that children are vaccinated against this until 24 months of age and even then, it is dependent upon the area of the world in which that the child lives.

Question 5

The following represents the primary behaviors of a newborn:

Accepted Answer

A newborn's primary behaviors are sleeping, crying, eliminating, and feeding.

Question 6

The process of being presented with a stimulus and remembering that stimulus is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cognition is the process of being presented with a stimulus and being able to remember that stimulus at another time. This allows human beings to react appropriately when faced with the stimulus again and again.

Question 7

Early childhood is a particular stage in development considered to be what age range?

Accepted Answer

Early childhood is classified as the ages between 2 and 6.

Question 8

Which portion of the stomach produces HCL?

Accepted Answer

Of the three zones of the stomach, the body is the only portion in which HCL is produced, in addition to mucus and several different hormones. The cardiac zone primarily produces mucus and the pyloric zone produces mucus and several different types of hormones.

Question 9

The shortest and widest portion of the small intestine is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The duodenum is the shortest and widest portion of the small intestine. The jejunum and ileum make up the other parts of the small intestine. Villi are small wavelike folds that line the small intestine.

Question 10

The first part of the digestive process is known as the ________ phase and starts with the sight, smell or taste of food.

Accepted Answer

The first part of the digestive process is known as the neurogenic phase, or the vagal phase. The sight, smell, or taste of food stimulates the brain's vagal nuclei, which cause pepsinogen, HCl, and gastrin to be produced.

Question 11

Gastrin plays an important role in digestion. Which of the following is not one of its roles?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin's role in digestion includes causing HCl to be released from parietal cells, the simulation of antral motility, and the stimulation of hormone release. Secretin is released in the duodenum and inhibits the action of gastrin.

Question 12

Which of the following conditions is a high level of gastrin seen above 1000 ng/L?

Accepted Answer

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is diagnosed as a result of high levels of gastrin being produced by gastrinomas (gastrin producing tumors of the duodenum or pancreas). A gastrin level of above 1000 ng/L is considered diagnostic of these tumors.

Question 13

Aphthous ulcers cause:

Accepted Answer

Aphthous ulcers cause coxsackie virus. The ulcers are bright red with white or yellow centers triggered by allergies, hormonal changes, or stress. Ulcers are treated with topical steroids and heal within three weeks. Frequent ulcer recurrences, should be tested for Behcet's syndrome and diabetes mellitus.

Quiz 1: United States Medical Licensing Examination