Question 1

Technician Sally has intubated a feline patient and now needs to inflate the cuff on the ET tube. What are the precautions she should take when inflating the cuff?

Accepted Answer

Precautions one should always take while inflating the cuff on an ET tube is to slowly inflate the cuff while listening for escaping oxygen and inhalant to prevent tracheal irritation and potential necrosis of the tracheal mucosa. Tracheal irritation and necrosis can be the direct cause of post anesthesia coughing in improperly intubated patients.

Question 2

The types of endotracheal tubes used in small animal anesthesia include Cole, Magill, and Murphy. Which type is the most commonly used, considered the safest, is cuffed, and includes an eye at the distal end of the tube opposite of the bevel?

Accepted Answer

The Murphy tube is the most commonly used, considered by most to be the safest, is cuffed, and includes the Murphy eye at the distal end of the tube opposite of the bevel. The Murphy is unique with its Murphy eye as it provides a certain level of insurance and protection of the airway should the bevel end of the ET tube become occluded.

Question 3

What are the purposes of an anesthetic machine and breathing system when in use during a surgical procedure?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of an anesthetic machine and breathing system during a surgical procedure is to provide oxygen and inhalant anesthetic to the patient, to remove exhaled waste gases, and to provide the ability perform IPPV while the patient is under anesthesia.

Question 4

Soda lime is a chemical carbon dioxide absorbent used to absorb expired carbon dioxide as a patient exhales under anesthesia. The absorbent granules experience a pH change as they absorb carbon dioxide. How often should soda lime be changed?

Accepted Answer

Soda lime should be changed after every 6 - 8 hours of use to prevent the non-absorption of carbon dioxide. Non-absorbing granules become brittle, hard to crush, dry, and can assist in the creation of Compound A. Reliance on the color change of the absorbent is incorrect as the granules will return to their white/off white appearance at rest.

Question 5

Technician Sally has a 4 kg patient that she needs to anesthetize. What are some of the reasons to use a non-rebreathing (NRB) system instead of standard breathing system, such as an F circuit?

Accepted Answer

Two of the reasons to use a non-rebreathing system with a 4 kg patient is the decreased breathing resistance and less dead space for the patient. The NRB system bypasses the soda lime canister and flutter valves decreasing the resistance they would have with their limited tidal volume. Lower fresh gas rates and less waste of anesthetic inhalant are incorrect due to the need to have higher fresh gas rates to prevent the rebreathing of carbon dioxide due to the lack of carbon dioxide absorbent.

Question 6

Technician Sally needs to use an anesthesia ventilator for one of her patients. Where does Sally connect the ventilator into the breathing system?

Accepted Answer

The ventilator is directly connected to the anesthesia machine, replacing the rebreathing bag with the bellows. The pop off valve on the anesthesia machine needs to be closed when using a ventilator to prevent loss of gas from the bellows. The ventilator is equipped with its own safety pop off valve.

Question 7

What is the definition of Tidal Volume (V_T)?

Accepted Answer

Tidal Volume is the amount of gas exchanged in one respiratory cycle. Tidal Volume is needed when using anesthesia ventilators to determine how much lung capacity a patient has.

Question 8

What is the definition of Paco₂?

Accepted Answer

The definition of Paco2is the symbol for partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Paco2is measured when obtaining blood gases and is used to assist in the weaning of patients off of anesthesia ventilators by decreasing respirations and tidal volume to raise the Paco2to a desirable level to initiate spontaneous respiration.

Question 9

Technician Sally is experiencing anesthesia ventilator malfunction with collapsed bellows. Which of the following would NOT be a cause for collapsed bellows or a leak in the system?

Accepted Answer

A closed pop-off valve on the anesthesia machine is mandatory during the use of an anesthesia ventilator so that the bellows fill properly. An improperly inflated ET tube cuff, loss of electricity, and the loss of fresh oxygen supply due to turning the tank off or disconnecting the anesthesia machine from the source would all cause the bellows to collapse and malfunction.

Question 10

What size oxygen cylinder would be used for a portable anesthesia machine?

Accepted Answer

E cylinders are used on portable anesthesia machines. These are small, lightweight, and easy to handle.

Question 11

Technician Sally's flowmeter has a ball shaped indicator. She wants to administer 2L/min oxygen to her patient. Where should Sally adjust the amount of oxygen flow on her indicator?

Accepted Answer

Flow meters with ball shaped indicators should be read at the middle of the ball. Pin type indicators should be read at the top.

Question 12

What is the difference between VOC (Vaporizers out of circle) and VIC (Vaporizers in circle) systems?

Accepted Answer

Some of the differences between VOCs and VICs is the VOC system requires precision-type vaporizers that can deliver almost exact concentrations of anesthetic while the VIC system relies on the animal's breathing (or IPPV) to move gas through the vaporizer to pick up inhalant. Due to relying on respiration and the issue with changing ambient temperatures, the VIC output may not be reliable, causing issues with proper surgical plane of anesthesia.

Question 13

The palpation of pulses, observation of respiration and mucous membrane color, and the auscultation of lungs and heart are considered methods of monitoring anesthesia.

Accepted Answer

The palpation of pulses, observation of respiration and mucous membrane color, and the auscultation of lungs and heart are considered physical methods of monitoring anesthesia. An astute anesthetist should be able to evaluate anesthetic depth readily without the need of mechanical monitoring.

Question 14

With consideration to what premedication and induction agents may have been used, an animal exhibiting an eyeball position of ventral rotation is considered to be in a plane of anesthesia.

Accepted Answer

Following induction of anesthesia, a patient at a surgical plane should have a ventrally rotated eyeball. Their reflexes should also be diminished or absent.

Question 15

What is an inexpensive piece of monitoring equipment that can auscultate the heart and lungs from within the patient?

Accepted Answer

An esophageal stethoscope is an inexpensive piece of monitoring equipment that can auscultate the heart and lungs from within the esophagus. It is slid down the esophagus after the patient is at a surgical plane of anesthesia and a set of ear pieces are attached so that heart and lung sounds can be heard.

Question 16

The term ECG stands for and performs the following:

Accepted Answer

ECG stands for electrocardiogram and is a mechanical monitor that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It is a standard piece of equipment for monitoring patients under anesthesia.

Question 17

What is the term for placing an arterial catheter and connecting it to a transducer and monitor to measure blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

The act of placing an arterial catheter and connecting it to a transducer with monitor is called Invasive Blood Pressure. It is the most accurate method of determining systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures.

Question 18

Central venous pressure (CVP) is defined as and is measured with a/an .

Accepted Answer

Central venous pressure is the pressure of blood within the right atrium and is usually measured with the aid of a jugular catheter. Measuring CVP is useful to estimate blood volume, guide fluid administration, and document ongoing blood loss.

Question 19

Which factor(s) may directly affect the accuracy of the readings of a pulse oximeter?

Accepted Answer

Factors such as motion, skin pigmentation, vasoconstriction, as well as many others, may directly affect the accuracy of the readings obtained by a pulse oximeter unit. During malfunction of the unit, it is important to address the patient first and then attempt to correct monitor error by repositioning the probe in another location.

Question 20

The continuous measurement of carbon dioxide concentrations in exhaled breath is .

Accepted Answer

Capnography is the continuous measurement of carbon dioxide in the exhaled breath of anesthetized patients. The measurement of carbon dioxide is an important element of anesthetic monitoring to ensure proper ventilation is occurring.

Quiz 1: Anesthesia

Technician Sally has intubated a feline patient and now needs to inflate the cuff on the ET tube. What are the precautions she should take when inflating the cuff?

The types of endotracheal tubes used in small animal anesthesia include Cole, Magill, and Murphy. Which type is the most commonly used, considered the safest, is cuffed, and includes an eye at the distal end of the tube opposite of the bevel?

What are the purposes of an anesthetic machine and breathing system when in use during a surgical procedure?

Soda lime is a chemical carbon dioxide absorbent used to absorb expired carbon dioxide as a patient exhales under anesthesia. The absorbent granules experience a pH change as they absorb carbon dioxide. How often should soda lime be changed?

Technician Sally has a 4 kg patient that she needs to anesthetize. What are some of the reasons to use a non-rebreathing (NRB) system instead of standard breathing system, such as an F circuit?

Technician Sally needs to use an anesthesia ventilator for one of her patients. Where does Sally connect the ventilator into the breathing system?

What is the definition of Tidal Volume (V_T) ?

What is the definition of Paco₂?

Technician Sally is experiencing anesthesia ventilator malfunction with collapsed bellows. Which of the following would NOT be a cause for collapsed bellows or a leak in the system?

What size oxygen cylinder would be used for a portable anesthesia machine?

Technician Sally's flowmeter has a ball shaped indicator. She wants to administer 2L/min oxygen to her patient. Where should Sally adjust the amount of oxygen flow on her indicator?

What is the difference between VOC (Vaporizers out of circle) and VIC (Vaporizers in circle) systems?

The palpation of pulses, observation of respiration and mucous membrane color, and the auscultation of lungs and heart are considered methods of monitoring anesthesia.

With consideration to what premedication and induction agents may have been used, an animal exhibiting an eyeball position of ventral rotation is considered to be in a plane of anesthesia.

What is an inexpensive piece of monitoring equipment that can auscultate the heart and lungs from within the patient?

The term ECG stands for and performs the following:

What is the term for placing an arterial catheter and connecting it to a transducer and monitor to measure blood pressure?

Central venous pressure (CVP) is defined as and is measured with a/an .

Which factor(s) may directly affect the accuracy of the readings of a pulse oximeter?

The continuous measurement of carbon dioxide concentrations in exhaled breath is .

Quiz 1: Anesthesia

Technician Sally has intubated a feline patient and now needs to inflate the cuff on the ET tube. What are the precautions she should take when inflating the cuff?

The types of endotracheal tubes used in small animal anesthesia include Cole, Magill, and Murphy. Which type is the most commonly used, considered the safest, is cuffed, and includes an eye at the distal end of the tube opposite of the bevel?

What are the purposes of an anesthetic machine and breathing system when in use during a surgical procedure?

Soda lime is a chemical carbon dioxide absorbent used to absorb expired carbon dioxide as a patient exhales under anesthesia. The absorbent granules experience a pH change as they absorb carbon dioxide. How often should soda lime be changed?

Technician Sally has a 4 kg patient that she needs to anesthetize. What are some of the reasons to use a non-rebreathing (NRB) system instead of standard breathing system, such as an F circuit?

Technician Sally needs to use an anesthesia ventilator for one of her patients. Where does Sally connect the ventilator into the breathing system?

What is the definition of Tidal Volume (VT) ?

What is the definition of Paco2?

Technician Sally is experiencing anesthesia ventilator malfunction with collapsed bellows. Which of the following would NOT be a cause for collapsed bellows or a leak in the system?

What size oxygen cylinder would be used for a portable anesthesia machine?

Technician Sally's flowmeter has a ball shaped indicator. She wants to administer 2L/min oxygen to her patient. Where should Sally adjust the amount of oxygen flow on her indicator?

What is the difference between VOC (Vaporizers out of circle) and VIC (Vaporizers in circle) systems?

The palpation of pulses, observation of respiration and mucous membrane color, and the auscultation of lungs and heart are considered methods of monitoring anesthesia.

With consideration to what premedication and induction agents may have been used, an animal exhibiting an eyeball position of ventral rotation is considered to be in a plane of anesthesia.

What is an inexpensive piece of monitoring equipment that can auscultate the heart and lungs from within the patient?

The term ECG stands for and performs the following:

What is the term for placing an arterial catheter and connecting it to a transducer and monitor to measure blood pressure?

Central venous pressure (CVP) is defined as and is measured with a/an .

Which factor(s) may directly affect the accuracy of the readings of a pulse oximeter?

The continuous measurement of carbon dioxide concentrations in exhaled breath is .

What is the definition of Tidal Volume (V_T) ?

What is the definition of Paco₂?