Question 1

How should patients with increased intracranial pressure be ventilated?

Accepted Answer

Patients with increased intracranial pressure should be modestly hyperventilated to prevent an increase in Paco₂in order to protect the brain from vasodilation. Continued increase in intracranial pressure can result in brain herniation.

Question 2

Which anesthetically-induced condition should be avoided in patients with renal disease?

Accepted Answer

While all anesthetically-induced conditions should be avoided, monitored, and treated, hypotension should be completely avoided in patients with renal disease to prevent further organ malfunction. Proper anesthetic depth, fluid support, and other medical support are imperative with decreased organ function.

Question 3

A patient with heartworm disease is presented to Technician Sally's clinic for a surgical procedure. This patient is not showing any outward signs of this disease. Into which ASA Class should Sally categorize this patient prior to surgery?

Accepted Answer

A patient that is not showing any outward signs of a disease due to the patient's body compensating for the disease is a Class 3 anesthetic risk. Examples of disease may be mild to moderate dehydration, subclinical heartworm disease, hyperthyroidism, anemia, or fever.

Question 4

What is the benefit of fasting a surgical patient prior to anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

The benefits to consider when fasting a patient prior to surgery include reduced vomiting (and risk of aspiration), decreased bloating, and decreased impairment of venous return. An empty stomach helps to protect the airway, decreases ventilation resistance, and decreases cardiac impairment.

Question 5

Technician Sally is about to recover a patient that she fears will go into respiratory arrest following extubation. What should she have immediately available should this occur?

Accepted Answer

When an adverse respiratory event is of concern, at minimum, one should have a laryngoscope, endotracheal tube, and an induction agent to facilitate rapid re-intubation to capture and secure the airway.

Question 6

Which is a common anticholinergic commonly administered to a patient as part of an anesthetic plan?

Accepted Answer

Glycopyrrolate is a common anticholinergic that is administered as a premedicant to protect against vagal reflexes and to dry secretions. It facilitates better visualization of the arytenoids during intubation and helps support cardiovascular function during anesthesia.

Question 7

Which is a commonly used phenothiazine that provides a calming effect, is used as an antiemetic, and can cause marked hypotension?

Accepted Answer

Acepromazine is a commonly used phenothiazine that provides a calming effect, can be used as an antiemetic, and often causes a marked hypotension in patients under anesthesia. It is commonly used in large animal medicine and for fractious small animals.

Question 8

Which product may be used as an induction agent or a CRI for anesthesia, and causes a marked apnea immediately following induction?

Accepted Answer

Propofol may be used as induction agent or a CRI for anesthesia, and causes a marked apnea immediately following induction. Slow titration to effect diminishes the effect and length of the apnea.

Question 9

Which inhalant anesthetic would be the correct choice for masking down or using an induction chamber?

Accepted Answer

Sevoflurane would be the preferred inhalant anesthetic for masking down or using an induction chamber due its non-irritating and low odor properties.

Question 10

Which inhalant anesthetic reacts with soda lime to produce Compound A, a nephrotoxic product?

Accepted Answer

Compound A is created by the reaction of soda lime and sevoflurane. It is a nephrotoxic product and is caused by the use of dry absorbent, high concentrations of inhalant, high temperatures, and low fresh gas inflow.

Question 11

There are several benefits to using local anesthesia in combination with routine general anesthetic procedures. These benefits include:

Accepted Answer

The benefits of using local anesthetics in combination with routine general anesthetic procedures include decreasing the minimum alveolar concentration of inhalants, minimizing the amount of injectable analgesic required, and decreasing the intensity of post-operative pain in patients.

Question 12

Which local anesthetic is chosen for its long duration of action, less motor dysfunction, and should never be given intravenously due to the risk of seizures and cardiac arrest?

Accepted Answer

Bupivacaine is often chosen as a local anesthetic for its long duration of action and less motor dysfunction. It should never be given intravenously due to the risk of seizures and cardiac arrest.

Question 13

What is the importance of the hepatic system in regards to anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

The importance of the hepatic system in regards to anesthesia is that it is responsible for the excretion and metabolism of the anesthetics. The ability of the patient to properly metabolize the anesthetic agents will help predict efficacy of anesthesia and recovery time from the anesthetic medications.

Question 14

Which of the following is not part of the preanesthetic assessment?

Accepted Answer

Preanesthetic agents are not part of the preanesthetic assessment. The purpose of the assessment is to determine suitability for safe anesthesia, and preanesthetic agents would not be administered until the assessment is complete. The patient history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests help to determine the patient's anesthetic risk before administering any preanesthetic agents.

Question 15

Which of the following dog breeds is more susceptible to complications during anesthesia due to brachycephalic airway syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Boston terriers are more susceptible to complications during anesthesia due to brachycephalic airway syndrome. This is a result of the skull structure of the breed, which requires close monitoring throughout anesthesia. Extubation of such breeds should not occur until the pet is fully awake and swallowing.

Question 16

According to the scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, which anesthesia risk category is described as having systemic disturbances or disease with mild clinical signs?

Accepted Answer

According to the scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the moderate risk category is described as having systemic disturbances or disease with mild clinical signs. In such patients, thorough preanesthetic exams and diagnostic testing are vital to assess suitability for anesthesia. Such conditions must be carefully considered when selecting anesthetic protocol.

Question 17

Which of the following can be measured in order to monitor the central nervous system during anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

The pedal reflex can be used to monitor the central nervous system during anesthesia. The pedal reflex is a measure of pain response in the anesthetized patient, indicating how deeply anesthetized the patient is by the anesthetic agent. This response is manifested by the patient withdrawing the leg when the skin between toes is pinched.

Question 18

What state of anesthesia is characterized by profound sedation and analgesia as a result of simultaneous administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer?

Accepted Answer

Neuroleptanalgesia is characterized by profound sedation and analgesia as a result of simultaneous administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer. This state of anesthesia can be used to place sick patients under general anesthesia and for performing minor procedures.

Question 19

What type of anesthetic agent calms a patient by reducing anxiety but does not reduce awareness?

Accepted Answer

The anesthetic agent that calms a patient by reducing anxiety but does not reduce awareness is a tranquilizer. Tranquilizers are often used along with sedatives in the anesthetic protocol. They help to ease induction into and recovery from other anesthetic agents, such as inhalants.

Question 20

What process would be used to diminish the sensation in a localized area of the body without the loss of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

Local anesthesia would be used to diminish the sensation in a localized area of the body without the loss of consciousness. Such anesthesia is used to perform procedures when the patient does not need to be unconscious. Examples of local anaesthetic agents include local inject able anesthetics, nerve blocks and epidurals.

Quiz 1: Anesthesia