In Social Psychology, an Attitude Refers to a Predisposition to Respond

In social psychology, an attitude refers to a predisposition to respond to certain stimuli or situations. Cognitive dissonance is a consistency theory that focuses on how people change attitudes in response to discomfort around inconsistencies between their own thoughts and actions. Which of the following types of cognitive dissonance explains a situation in which an individual emphasizes the negative features of a desirable action they did not perform because of a small impediment?

A) Postdecisional dissonance
B) Effort justification
C) Self-perception
D) Insufficient deterrence