In the Early 20th Century, Criticism of Behaviorist Theory Included

In the early 20th century, criticism of behaviorist theory included the idea that there are internal processes that affect learning (cognition) that also need to be understood and addressed in therapy. Cognitive-behavioral theory (CBT) and a number of new therapy methods were developed as an alternative to behaviorist theory. Donald Meichenbaum developed cognitive behavioral modification (CBM) . Which of the following is NOT an aspect of CBM?

A) Self-statements
B) Collaboration
C) Socratic questioning
D) Directly challenging patients