Question 1

A culturally competent counselor has awareness about his or her own racist views, beliefs, and/ or attitudes, and how this has impacted them personally, and vocationally. This can be especially important for Caucasian counselors. Why?

Accepted Answer

Culturally competent clinicians have a wealth of knowledge about oppression, racism, and stereotypes of all groups. This allows for self-reflection about personal biases, and racist views. And although it applies to all groups, it is often especially pertinent for White counselors to examine these views, so they are able to recognize how they may have advanced in their lives due to this racism (White identity).

Question 2

Following a natural disaster, such as a hurricane or tsunami, children and elderly people require special care due to the specific needs of these populations. Children need extra care due to their lack of experience and deficiencies in __________, and __________; the elderly experience natural disasters, and often experience increased feelings of __________ .

Accepted Answer

Children lack the vocabulary, and conceptual ability necessary in dealing healthfully with the impact of a natural disaster. The elderly often suffer from a feeling of loneliness following a natural disaster. This loneliness can lead to increased isolation, and eventually depression.

Question 3

Your client has a different ethnic background from you, the clinician. Which core areas must you have an accurate understanding of, in order to provide culturally competent counseling to that client?

Accepted Answer

A client's cultural identity is made up of many realms, including symbolic objects (ex: religious items or pieces of clothing), language (not just understanding the client's primary language, but also considering things like slang), and spirituality and religion (this includes reflecting on what the client believes around life, death, birth, etc. and religious practices). Some other core areas to consider when understanding your client within his or her cultural context are traditions around food, family structures, and nonverbal and spatial cues.

Question 4

As a clinician working with clients from non-western cultures, being aware of communication styles, including non-verbal and indirect communication, body language, and implied meanings, is vital. This type of communication is common in __________ cultures.

Accepted Answer

High-context cultures (including Asia, Africa, and much of the Middle East) emphasize communication that is more focused on facial expressions, gestures, and voice tone rather than the verbalized word. Low-context cultures put the emphasis on discussions, which includes facts, logic, and action.

Question 5

Carter and McGoldrick suggest tasks new couple's need to complete to be able to commit to the relationship. One task is to __________ relationships with parents and siblings.

Accepted Answer

Renegotiation of family relationships are important for both individuals, in the new couple. Issues can arise if one individual remains too involved with his or her family of origin, or if the family of origin relationship is nonexistent.

Question 6

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), a part of cognitive behavioral training, assists the client in dealing with increasing amounts of stress in a more healthy way. The first stage of this training is the conceptualization stage, which is centered on __________ for client.

Accepted Answer

Education; the first stage of SIT is conceptualization, which is focused on education about stress, including common cognitive distortions, and maladaptive coping mechanisms.

Question 7

Industrial/Organizational (I/ O) psychology explores how a workplace setting impacts an individual's behavior. I/ O psychologists do all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

I/ O psychologists use their research, and apply it to remedy organizational problems through coaching employees, implementing training programs, creating performance evaluations, optimize quality of life at work, and assess consumer preferences.

Question 8

The general goal of Industrial/ Organizational psychology is to study and explore, and better understand __________ in the __________ .

Accepted Answer

The global goal of I/ O psychology is to investigate, and study human behavior in the workplace. This is done to increase productivity, and assist in the development of better, more efficient tools for the workplace

Question 9

Encounter groups are __________, and not intended for individuals with serious __________ .

Accepted Answer

Encounter groups are nonclinical, and not ideal for individuals with severe emotional struggle. There is typically a facilitator leading the group.

Question 10

Human factor psychologists spend much of their time doing __________, to create more productive work environments.

Accepted Answer

Human factor psychologists spend the majority of the time conducting research, and utilizing what they learn about human behavior to generate more productive work environments, and functional products.

Question 11

The general goal of Industrial/ Organizational psychology is to study, explore, and better understand __________ in the __________ .

Accepted Answer

The global goal of I/ O psychology is to investigate, and study human behavior in the workplace. This is done to increase productivity, and assist in the development of better, more efficient tools for the workplace.

Question 12

In modifying faulty self-efficacy beliefs, a social cognitive career counselor may assist their client to __________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

A social cognitive career counselor may assist their client in modifying a faulty self-efficacy belief by helping them develop new performance beliefs and reanalyze past experiences that have led to the faulty beliefs they hold. An example may be a person who believes they cannot learn to use a computer based on a past experience. A counselor may enroll them in a basic computer class and as the person learns computer skills, they also develop new performance beliefs about the computer and can then reanalyze the faulty belief that they could not have a career that had anything to do with computers.

Question 13

In career counseling, life roles play a significant role in our career choices. Super identifies five major life role stages. During which stage do individuals seek stabilization within his or her career choice?

Accepted Answer

The establishment stage typically occurs between ages of 24 to 44 years. This is when individuals pursue stabilization in their choice of careers, and tend to seek advancement within the career. Prior to the establishment stage are the growth, and exploration stages. The maintenance and decline stages follow establishment.

Question 14

When meeting with a client, a career counselor might _____________.

Accepted Answer

When meeting with a client, a career counselor might utilize all of the options listed in this question. Career counseling involves using a wide variety of inventories designed to assess interests, abilities, and values to help the client pinpoint career goals. The counselor may also assist the client in self-exploration and values clarification to further the likelihood for setting goals that will be successful. They may also teach a variety of skills such as decision-making, effective goal setting, and life planning.

Question 15

In Social Cognitive Theory, counselors help clients explore real or perceived barriers to a specific career goal. An example of one of these barriers is __________ .

Accepted Answer

Social Cognitive Theory highlights the influences that hold individuals back from pursuing certain career goals. Family pressures, personal beliefs (questioning abilities), and lack of education are common barriers to obtaining certain career aspirations.

Question 16

Support groups are beneficial as participants are able to see others improve, creating a sense of hope. Also helpful is the recognition that others have similar problems. How could someone seek out a support group?

Accepted Answer

There are numerous ways to identify a support group. Asking for a referral from a primary care physician, or other health profession, doing an online search, or reaching out to an organization affiliated with the condition or struggle are all effective, and viable options.

Question 17

When a client first starts counseling, it is imperative to:

Accepted Answer

When a client first starts counseling, it is imperative to have supportive surroundings. Although some clients may feel the need to post their issues on Facebook and reliable transportation is also important, counseling will not succeed unless the client surrounds him or herself with a supportive infrastructure. A supportive infrastructure might include friends and family or a club whose activities are not detrimental to the client's counseling. For example, one who is seeking counseling for alcohol issues would probably not want to be around people or groups who frequent bars.

Question 18

In what way are peer-led groups (also called peer-to-peer groups) more advantageous to the clients than groups led by a trained clinician?

Accepted Answer

Because group leaders in peer-to-peer groups have experienced, first-hand, what the clients are experiencing, they are better able to relate to the clients, which in turn encourages more openness.

Question 19

What are the benefits of a peer-to-peer support group?

Accepted Answer

Peer-to-peer support groups are sometimes referred to as self-help groups; participants are all usually dealing with the same struggle or issue, therefore the group itself becomes a safe place where participants can feel open; peer-to-peer support groups also tend to encourage and empower participants as they view others making progress; these groups are inexpensive to run, as there are not many costs involved, and often the space needed to hold the group is donated

Question 20

James has depression. He is on an SSRI, and sees a therapist weekly. What is one other way James can seek official help?

Accepted Answer

A support group; support groups are appropriate for individuals dealing with a variety of diagnoses, addictions, and life struggles; Alcoholics Anonymous is a type of support group; James could of course reach out to his spouse, but this is not an official form of support.

Quiz 8: Treatment Intervention Prevention and Supervision