Question 1

Monitoring treatment has garnered more attention and focus in the recent past. One monitoring method, known as total quality management (TQM), relies on five basic premises. Which of the following is NOT one of those premises?

Accepted Answer

Utilization review is a monitoring method, but it is not one of the bases of TQM. The five premises are customer focus, total involvement, measurement, systematic support, and continuous improvement.

Question 2

Which of the following aspects of a clinical psychologist's job is given the least amount of attention in college and university doctoral clinical psychology programs?

Accepted Answer

Supervision and Management is given little attention in doctoral clinical psychology programs, in comparison to the other areas of a clinical psychologist's job. That is why many clinical psychologists are unprepared when they have to assume these responsibilities in the course of their work.

Question 3

Which of the following is one of the main functions of the American Board of Clinical Psychology?

Accepted Answer

A major function of the American Board of Clinical Psychology is to conduct Board certification examinations. Passing this examination and receiving Board certification is considered a demonstration of competence to practice clinical psychology professionally.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the minimum education and training requirements to practice clinical psychology is correct?

Accepted Answer

In order to become licensed clinical psychologists, the candidate must have, in addition to a one-year supervised internship during the doctoral program, another full year of post-doctoral supervised practice experience. Upon completing a Ph.D. program, candidates can apply for a temporary license enabling them to complete the one-year supervised practice experience requirement, but they cannot open their own practice. All clinical psychologists are not just encouraged, but required to take continuing education credits yearly for as long as they are employed in that capacity.

Question 5

Candidates who have fulfilled all the requirements to become licensed clinical psychologists except post-doctoral supervised experience may be granted a provisional license. For how long is a provisional license to practice psychology generally granted?

Accepted Answer

Provisional licenses to practice psychology may be granted for a period of one year, renewable one time. The one-year period (or two years, if necessary) gives the candidate sufficient opportunity to fulfill the additional requirement for licensure of one year of post-doctoral supervised experience, which is necessary to receive a permanent license.

Question 6

Which of the following titles would be given to a person with the least amount of formal academic training in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The person with the least amount of formal academic training in psychology is the Psychology Aide. This is a person who holds only a BA in psychology. A Psychology Assistant holds an MA in psychology, while the titles of Psychology Intern and Psychology Trainee both describe a person in the later stages of professional training to become a fully licensed psychologist.

Question 7

What is Psychology Umbrella Supervision?

Accepted Answer

Umbrella supervision entails training supervisees how to be supervisors. Supervision is a responsibility that will arise in any psychologist's job to some degree. Umbrella supervision provides some additional training in this area beyond what is typically offered in graduate school.

Question 8

Which of the following activities is permissible for a post-doctorate psychology supervisee?

Accepted Answer

Post-doctorate psychology supervisees with a provisional license can enter data pertaining to a client into the computer. They are not permitted to refer to themselves as fully licensed psychologists, solicit clients, or open up an independent practice.

Question 9

Which of the following functions is a post-doctorate psychology supervisee with a provisional license not permitted to perform?

Accepted Answer

A post-doctorate psychology supervisee is not permitted to bill patients directly. However, the post-doctorate psychology supervisee can schedule appointments and also, under the direction of the trainee's supervisor, administer either individual or group psychotherapy.

Question 10

Psychologists who are training supervisors must keep supervision records pertaining to their supervisees for what period of time?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who are training supervisors must keep records on their supervisees for five years after the supervision period has ended. In instances where these records might be required by the Board, as in investigations of conduct, the information must be made available.

Question 11

Under what circumstances can a psychology training supervisor charge the trainee for supervision services?

Accepted Answer

As of July, 2000, supervisors are permitted to charge their supervisees in a private practice setting. This fee may not exceed the standard hourly fee the psychologist charges clients for services.

Question 12

What is the minimum amount of face-to-face supervision required by a board approved psychologist for all psychologists-in-training with provisional licenses?

Accepted Answer

A minimum of a full hour of intensive face-to-face supervision takes place weekly for all psychology trainees with provisional licenses. The provisional license can be revoked for non-compliance with this requirement.

Question 13

Some psychologists make excellent clinicians but poor supervisors. Others excel in both areas. Which of the following factors is most useful in determining whether or not a given psychologist can probably also perform effectively as a supervisor?

Accepted Answer

The factor which would probably have the most predictive validity in determining whether or not a clinical psychologist would also be an effective supervisor is emotional competence. This attribute refers to the psychologist's ability to interact and communicate with supervisees in a positive and effective manner. Since all licensed psychologists have undergone extensive academic training, they can all be presumed to be intellectually competent, but probably have minimal training and experience in supervision. However, psychologists vary considerably in the manner in which their personality might either help them or hinder them in a supervisory role.

Question 14

Which of the following personality characteristics seems to be most associated with effective performance for both supervisees working as therapists and the clinical psychologists who are their supervisors?

Accepted Answer

The personality characteristic that seems to be most associated with effective performance for both supervisees working as therapists and the clinical psychologists who are their supervisors is empathy. Just as clients are usually responsive to a warm and empathic therapist, the same holds true for supervisors who also come across to their trainees as being warm, empathic, approachable, and helpful should a question or problem arise in their work.

Question 15

When the person providing therapy is a trainee and the legal responsibility for the treatment being provided belongs to the trainee's supervisor, what are the guidelines regarding disclosing this information to the client beforehand?

Accepted Answer

When the therapist is a trainee and responsibility associated with that therapy rests with the trainee's supervisor, as part of the Informed Consent regulations, the supervisee is required to disclose to the client prior to commencing therapy that he or she is a trainee. The client must also be given the full name of the supervisor.

Question 16

What would be the best way for supervisors to minimize the likelihood of supervisees disagreeing with their performance assessment and arguing that the rating is unfair?

Accepted Answer

The best way for supervisors to minimize the likelihood of the trainees whose work they are evaluating objecting to their ratings is to meet with them beforehand. Clearly understanding ahead of time what they are being rated on will make it hard for a worker to make a legitimate case for the rating being unfair. Detailed reports accompanying the ratings are too time-consuming. Overly simplified ratings that do not adequately differentiate both between one worker's performance and another's and between strengths and weaknesses in a given worker's performance are useless.

Question 17

Catherine Case has recently landed her first position as a clinical psychologist trainee. She was one of four simultaneously hired trainees at an outpatient family treatment center. The other three were all Afro-American, as was the supervising psychologist, Dr. Blackwell. The office manager was Afro-American as well. Dr. Case was the only white worker of the bunch. When it came time for Dr. Blackwell to give his four new trainees their first formal evaluations, he gave two of the three black trainees the highest rating, 5, in every category of performance, and both Dr. Case and the remaining black trainee no rating in any category higher than 3. Dr. Case complained to the office manager that the ratings were racially biased. In the absence of any further information, what would be your conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Case may have been rated unfairly if the one black trainee who also got an unfavorable rating was actually doing marginal work while Dr. Case got the unfavorable rating only because she is white. Otherwise, not enough information is provided here to say whether Dr. Case's ratings were fair or unfair. The fact that both of the trainees who got better ratings were Afro-American, like the rater, could have been a coincidence that played no role at all in Dr. Blackwell's ratings.

Question 18

Which of the following would not necessarily be a clear violation of the professional relationship between a clinical psychologist trainee and his or her supervisor?

Accepted Answer

It would not be a clear violation of professional standards for the supervisor and supervisee to attend the same cocktail party-as long as they both keep their behavior within accepted professional boundaries. However, there is no valid reason to justify supervision taking place in the supervisor's home instead of the office. Furthermore, any sexual activity between the two of them or between one of them and another significant person-past or present-in that other person's life is an express violation of the Ethical Code for psychologists.

Question 19

How should supervisors of clinical psychologists handle sensitive issues that may be difficult to talk about?

Accepted Answer

Sometimes sensitive issues do need to be discussed in supervision. Neither avoiding these topics entirely nor dwelling on them excessively is conducive to either a good supervisor-supervisee working relationship or a good therapist-client working relationship. Also, the supervisor is there for a reason, so it should be that person's determination, not the supervisee's, if a sensitive subject needs to be addressed.

Question 20

What would be the best advice for psychologists just starting out in their profession who might not have much experience as to when it is or is not appropriate to report a possible incidence of child abuse or neglect to Child Protective Services?

Accepted Answer

Inexperienced psychologists who are not sure whether or not they should report a possible incidence of child abuse or neglect to CPS should consult their supervisor. Rather than risk making a mistake which could have lasting repercussions, not only for the child, but for the therapist's whole career, the new psychologist should take advantage of the supervisor's expertise.

Quiz 7: Management

Monitoring treatment has garnered more attention and focus in the recent past. One monitoring method, known as total quality management (TQM) , relies on five basic premises. Which of the following is NOT one of those premises?