Question 1

What is the correct order of structures of a muscle from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

The correct order of structures of a muscle from smallest to largest is: muscle fiber, endomysium, fascicles, perimysium, epimysium.

Question 2

What part within the muscle fiber stores glycogen and myoglobin and is made up of lipids, enzymes and various types of cellular organelles?

Accepted Answer

The sarcoplasm stores glycogen and myoglobin and is made up of lipids, enzymes and cellular organelles. It is comparable to the cytoplasm in other cells, but has more specific functions. The stored glycogen is a source of energy, and the myoglobin is used for oxygen binding.

Question 3

What is the function of calcium in the muscle stimulation process?

Accepted Answer

During muscle stimulation, calcium binds with troponin, which subsequently shifts the tropomyosin off the binding sites, freeing them up for the myosin cross-bridges to attach themselves.

Question 4

What controls the process of changing membrane potential in the nerve cell membrane by allowing sodium ions to rush into the cell?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump controls the process of changing membrane potential in the nerve cell membrane by allowing sodium ions to rush into the cell. This causes a dramatic change in voltage, which in turn causes an action potential to be conducted along the length of the axon.

Question 5

What relays information to the central nervous system about changes in the body and limbs' positions due to muscular motions?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors relay information to the central nervous system about changes in the body and limbs' positions due to muscular motions. They are specialized to help maintain balance and posture and are found in the muscles, tendons and joints.

Question 6

Which part of the muscle fiber senses changes in the tension of the muscle?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi tendon organs sense changes in the tension of the muscle. When activated, they send messages that indicate that the muscle is about to engage in dangerous action resulting from extreme tension.

Question 7

What type of tissue has a form called serous, which is fluid-filled?

Accepted Answer

Fascia is the tissue that has a form call serous, which is fluid-filled. This type of fascia makes up protective membranes that cover the internal viscera. Other types of fascia that do not have specific names relating to their functions are superficial and deep fascia.

Question 8

Which organ system is responsible for transport of nutrients, removal of waste and overall environmental maintenance to support the body's function?

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transport of nutrients, removal of waste and overall environmental maintenance to support the body's function.

Question 9

Which components of an electrocardiogram represent the electrical stimulus as it passes through the atrial and ventricular myocardium?

Accepted Answer

The QRS complex and P wave represent the electrical stimulus as it passes through the atrial and ventricular myocardium. The P wave shows atrial depolarization, and the QRS complex shows ventricular depolarization.

Question 10

When would it not be abnormal to observe a systolic pressure measurement of 220 to 260?

Accepted Answer

A systolic pressure measurement of 220 to 260 would be expected during aerobic exercise. The diastolic pressure, though, would likely remain the same as while at rest, or even decrease slightly.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a part of the body's respiratory center?

Accepted Answer

There is no alveolar group in the body's respiratory center. The dorsal, ventral and pneumotaxic respiratory groups are groups of neurons in the pons and medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brain stem, which control the rate of ventilation.

Question 12

What term describes the total process of the breakdown of food molecules to release energy and the subsequent use of that energy to build up new molecules within the body?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic describes the total process of the breakdown of food molecules to release energy and the subsequent use of that energy to build up new molecules within the body. It is the combined process of catabolic and anabolic functions.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true about lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid does not cause an artificial sense of energy in muscles during exercise; rather, it is responsible for feelings of muscular fatigue.

Question 14

What is the term for the oxygen uptake that is maintained to restore the body to pre-exercise condition?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen debt, also called excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), is the oxygen uptake that is maintained to restore the body to pre-exercise condition. This oxygen uptake is higher than resting value and is related to the duration and intensity of the exercise performed.

Question 15

Which of the following factors affects the ability to determine actual work done during resistance training?

Accepted Answer

The angle of weight movement during the exercise affects the ability to determine actual work done during resistance training. If the weight is moving along an angle, there would be additional calculation required to determine resistance factors (such as friction).

Question 16

Which type of muscle arrangement resembles the layout of a feather, with angled fibers?

Accepted Answer

Pennate muscles' arrangement resembles the layout of a feather, with angled fibers. An advantage to this layout is that it allows for reduced inertial resistance.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly indicates the two factors that make up fluid resistance?

Accepted Answer

Surface drag and form drag are the two factors that make up fluid resistance. Surface drag is caused by the action of friction on the surface of the object, and form drag is from the molecules pressing against the object as it moves through the fluid.

Question 18

All of the following are factors that affect adaptations to resistance training EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Diet is not a factor that affects adaptations to resistance training. While it clearly will affect the ability to perform, especially over the long term, it does not directly impact the associated adaptations.

Question 19

Which of the following changes in the body's relationship to insulin could greatly affect the status of a diabetic's health as aging occurs?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to insulin due to long term aerobic training could greatly affect the status of a diabetic's health as aging occurs. This increased sensitivity as an adaptation to exercise will help to counteract naturally decreasing insulin sensitivity that occurs with age.

Question 20

What is the most commonly recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for non-performance individuals?

Accepted Answer

The most commonly recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for non-performance individuals is 5-6 grams per kilogram of body weight. Without enough carbs in the diet, ketones may build up in the blood causing ketosis due to incomplete breakdown of fats.

Quiz 1: The National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)