Question 1

Which of the following are non-cardiac causes of pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

Lung infections, high altitude and acute respiratory syndrome are non-cardiac causes of pulmonary edema. Other non-cardiac causes and risk factors for pulmonary edema include exposure to certain toxins such as chlorine, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, kidney disease, smoke inhalation, and adverse drug reaction to drugs such as illicit drugs and chemotherapy drugs.

Question 2

A patient presents with shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, bluish hue of skin and expectorating pink frothy sputum. Which of the following invasive methods may be used to confirm a diagnosis of pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

An invasive diagnostic approach used to diagnose pulmonary edema when diagnosis is unclear is pulmonary artery catheterization. Cardiac catheterization is a group of procedures performed to assess the function of heart or condition of coronary arteries. Surgical maze procedure is an invasive procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Percutaneous pulmonary intervention is used to close large pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas using amplatzer duct occluder.

Question 3

Choose the statement which is incorrect about atrial septal defect (ASD).

Accepted Answer

The incorrect statement about ASD is "ASD is quite common disease and diagnosis is easy due to severe symptoms at birth". ASD is a genetic condition and is congenital. The disease is relatively uncommon and typically difficult to diagnose due to lack of symptoms.

Question 4

An 86-year-old female tells a home care health nurse that her feet are always cold and that she has trouble sleeping at night because of the pain she experiences in her feet. The nurse immediately identifies that these signs:

Accepted Answer

The nurse should immediately identify that these symptoms indicate arterial insufficiency. Arterial insufficiency is characterized by intermittent claudication, pain at rest, and pale, cool extremities. Pain in the feet and coldness are not normal aging changes but suggest an abnormal cardiovascular occurrence. Pain in the feet and coldness are not normal musculoskeletal aging related changes. Venous insufficiency is characterized by dull ache, venous stasis with resulting edema, and brown pigmentation around the ankles.

Question 5

Which of the following statement is correct regarding the complications of Marfan's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The true statement regarding complications of Marfan's syndrome is "Pregnant women with Marfan's syndrome are at greater risk for aortic dissection or rupture due to increased stress to the aortic walls". Vision complications associated with Marfan syndrome include shifting or dislocation, extreme nearsightedness, glaucoma, cataract and/or detachment or tear in the retina. Skeletal complications include scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, and foot pain. Other complications include stretch marks and dural ectasia.

Question 6

Which of the following non-pharmacologic techniques is useful for the treatment of maladaptive responses to coping?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy is useful for the treatment of maladaptive responses to coping. Treatment of maladaptive responses to coping includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches. Nonpharmacologic strategies include cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy and/or light therapy.

Question 7

Which leadership style involves a vision and commitment to meet a team's goals?

Accepted Answer

Transformational leadership involves a vision and commitment to meet a team's goals. Leadership styles include autocratic, participative, laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational. Autocratic leadership uses power to influence members of a team. Participative leadership uses a democratic process for decisions among team members. Laissez-faire leadership involves minimal guidance from a leader and provides little feedback to team members. Transactional leadership focuses on daily activities and is comfortable with the status quo. Transformational leadership involves a vision and commitment to meet a team's goals.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about self-monitoring techniques?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Modifying reactions to stressful situations can help reduce stress and anxiety" is true about self-monitoring techniques. Patients should try to maintain a positive attitude and decrease negative thoughts. Modifying reactions to stressful situations can help reduce stress and anxiety. Applying self-monitoring techniques can help patients improve their quality of life.

Question 9

In which leadership style is the democratic process used for decisions among team members?

Accepted Answer

In participative leadership style, the democratic process is used for decisions among team members. Leadership styles include autocratic, participative, laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational. Autocratic leadership uses power to influence members of a team. Participative leadership uses a democratic process for decisions among team members. Laissez-faire leadership involves minimal guidance from a leader and provides little feedback to team members. Transactional leadership focuses on daily activities and is comfortable with the status quo. Transformational leadership involves a vision and commitment to meet a team's goals.

Question 10

Which of the following findings is expected to be present in a patient who is a cocaine user?

Accepted Answer

Multiple infarcts with normal coronary arteries are expected in a cocaine user. Most cocaine users typically demonstrate hypertension and an increased heart rate. Chest pain may mimic a myocardial infarction. Vasoconstriction occurs both within the coronary arteries and the peripheral circulation, resulting in hypertension and episodes of cardiac ischemia that may cause infarcts. In some cases, multiple infarcts may occur even with normal coronary arteries.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding bare metal stent versus drug-eluting stent (DES) is true?

Accepted Answer

"Drug eluting stent inhibits cell proliferation and inflammation and reduces the incidence of restenosis" is true regarding bare metal stent versus drug-eluting stent. They are not used to elute antibiotics or anticoagulants, and they are inorganic and are, therefore, not rejected. Drug-eluting stents are more costly than standard stents. Most coronary stents are premounted on an inflatable balloon delivery system, which is carried by a catheter to the site of lesion.

Question 12

Which of the following words is correctly matched with its meaning?

Accepted Answer

Life satisfaction - individual's contentment with their quality of life is correctly matched. Individual's condition influences an individual's perception of his/her quality of life. Health includes not only physical well-being, but also mental and social well-being. Functional status is defined as an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. Symptoms are an individual's responses to his/her physical, emotional, or cognitive status. Life satisfaction is defined as an individual's contentment with their quality of life including family, health, sexuality, spirituality, friendships, job, education and finances.

Question 13

Which of the following statements does not abide by the nurses' code of ethics?

Accepted Answer

"The nurse is not supposed to collaborate with other healthcare professional while caring for patients" does not abide by nurses code of ethics.
Code of ethics for nurses includes 9 key points:
1.Nurses should practice medicine with compassion and respect for the patient and should not be biased in their treatment approach. They should not be restrictive in their care due to social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of the health issues.
2.The nurse's main commitment is to the patient.
3.The nurse is an advocate for the patient and aims to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient.
4.The nurse delegates care of the patient and makes sure to provide optimum patient care.
5.The nurse is responsible for preserving the integrity and safety of the patient.
6.The nurse should aim to maintain and improve the healthcare environment to administer optimum care consistent with the profession.
7.The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice and education to meet health needs.
8.The nurse should collaborate effectively with other healthcare professional to provide optimum care.
9.The profession of nursing is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession, and for shaping social policy.

Question 14

The nurse is recording blood pressure and counting pulse rate of a patient. What is the expected finding in a patient who is a cocaine user?

Accepted Answer

The expected finding in a cocaine user is hypertension and increased heart rate. Most cocaine users typically demonstrate hypertension and an increased heart rate. Chest pain may mimic a myocardial infarction. Vasoconstriction occurs both within the coronary arteries and the peripheral circulation, resulting in hypertension and episodes of cardiac ischemia that may cause infarcts. In some cases, multiple infarcts may occur even with normal coronary arteries.

Question 15

Which of the following models of team effectiveness views the team as components of a whole?

Accepted Answer

The traditional model of team effectiveness views the team as components of a whole. The components include team building processes and team effectiveness. The cognitive motivational model of team effectiveness views the team as a series of interdependent variables such as assumptions, team causes, team processes, team effectiveness, and team building.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct match of a stress reduction technique and the method used in that technique?

Accepted Answer

The correct match is Autogenic training - use of repetitive verbal phases and concentrating on sensations. Autogenic training is a technique that involves the use of repetitive verbal phases and concentrating on sensations to lead to deep relaxation. Cognitive restructuring involves the use of mind to alter the stress response. Imagery is another method for stress reduction. Additionally, progressive muscle relaxation reduces stress by interfering with the sympathetic nervous system. Meditation is a process that leads to deep relaxation through the use of mantras and concentration.

Question 17

An 80-year-old male patient with a history of arteriosclerosis is experiencing severe pain in his left leg that started approximately 20 minutes ago. On performing the admission assessment, the nurse would expect to observe which of the following:

Accepted Answer

While doing admission assessment the nurse should expect decreased or absent pedal pulse in the left leg. Decreased or absent pedal pulses reflect a problem caused by arterial insufficiency. 2+ pedal pulses describe a normal assessment finding of the lower extremities. Both lower extremities cyanotic when placed in a dependent position reflect problems caused by venous insufficiency. The leg that is experiencing arterial insufficiency would be cool to touch due to the decreased circulation.

Question 18

A patient arrives in the ER complaining of substernal chest pain, profuse sweating and shortness of breath. His vital signs are as follows: Temperature 37 C; HR 110; BP 160/100 mmHg; Respiration 30. Which of the following includes the immediate treatment of the patient?

Accepted Answer

The immediate treatment of the patient includes sublingual nitroglycerin, followed by morphine if the nitroglycerin fails to relieve the pain. The nurse must be able to provide oxygen, nitroglycerine followed by morphine if the nitroglycerine fails as the symptoms above is an indication of possible MI.

Question 19

When ventricular fibrillation occurs in the coronary care unit, the immediate action is to:

Accepted Answer

The immediate action for a patient of ventricular fibrillation is to defibrillate the patient. Ventricular Fibrillation is an emergency. The immediate action is to give 1 shock - Manual biphasic typically 120 J-200 J; Monophasic 360 J and then resume CPR.

Question 20

A patient diagnosed with heart failure is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). During the morning rounds, the patient complains of nausea and yellow vision. Which of the following nursing actions is a priority?

Accepted Answer

The priority action by the nurse is to check the serum digoxin level. The nurse should be able to check the morning results of the digoxin level of the patient. The complaints of the patient are similar to digitalis toxicity. The digoxin must be withheld until the level is known.

Quiz 1: Cardiac Medicine