Question 1

An anthropologist was working on an archeological dig of an ancient village in a Central American country. Near the ancient village, she discovered a large circle of rocks, with larger four larger rocks carefully placed on the northern, southern, eastern, and western sides of the circle. She also found four rectangular-shaped rocks placed at other points around the circle. After a survey, the anthropologists learned that the center of the circle and the rectangular-shaped rocks were aligned with rising and setting sun on the summer solstice and with the rising and setting sun on the winter solstice. Based on this information, the anthropologist concluded, "This ancient society worshipped the sun." What assumption does this conclusion require?
A)All societies that align objects to follow the summer and winter solstices worship the sun.
B)All rock formations are aligned with the summer and winter solstices.
C)All ancient villages followed the summer and winter solstices.
D)All ancient societies were sun-worshippers.

Accepted Answer

All societies that align objects to follow the summer and winter solstices worship the sun. Starting from this major premise, the anthropologist relies on the following minor premise stated in the question: the ancient village built a circle of rocks with rectangular rocks aligned to the rising and setting suns on the summer and winter solstices. Since the alignment of rocks brings the ancient village within the class of sun-worshipping societies, the anthropologist can reach her conclusion. Answer B and Answer C are incorrect because they do not establish that an alignment with solstices correlates to sun-worshipping. Answer D is incorrect because the conclusion could be reached without the minor premise.

Question 2

A surgeon performed abdominal surgery on a patient. After the operation, the patient had abdominal pain for months. An x-ray then revealed that a sponge had been left in the patient's abdomen. The patient then sued the surgeon for negligence. The surgeon admitted that he owed a duty of care to the patient. From the following answer choices, what additional fact would be most helpful in completing the patient's claim?
A)That the sponge was too large to safely leave in the patient's abdomen.
B)That the patient is able to file a complaint with the state medical board.
C)That the surgeon's action or inaction resulted in leaving the sponge in the patient's abdomen.
D)That it is impossible for the surgeon to remove the sponge without harming the patient.

Accepted Answer

That the surgeon's action or inaction resulted in leaving the sponge in the patient's abdomen. Answer C is correct because it supports a breach of the duty owed by the surgeon to the patient. Answer A is not correct because the sponge in the patient's abdomen would be a danger regardless of size. Answer B is not correct because the ability to file a complaint is irrelevant to a negligence claim. Answer D is not correct because whether the sponge can be removed is irrelevant to the surgeon's negligence.

Question 3

A judgment is to law as a(n) ________ is to _________.
A)veto : Congress
B)contract : negotiation
C)decree : equity
D)litigation : trial

Accepted Answer

A judgment is to law as a decree is to equity. A judgment is entered by a court of law based on the findings of a jury, and a decree is an order entered by a court of equity. Answer A is not correct because a veto is not an action based on congressional power. Answer B is not correct because, although a contract may result from negotiations, the enforceability of a contract is derived from the law, not the negotiation. Answer D is not correct because trial refers to one portion of the litigation process.

Question 4

A cardboard box is to shipping as a(n) ________ is to _________.
A)sign : marketing
B)constitution : voting
C)red box : blue box
D)car : parking garage

Accepted Answer

A cardboard box is to shipping as a sign is to marketing. A cardboard box is an item used in shipping, and a sign is an object used in marketing. Answer B is not correct because a constitution provides a framework for government and is not an object or item used in voting. Answer C and Answer D are both incorrect because both answers correlate a thing to a thing-the second term is not an activity.

Question 5

The following facts were established during a criminal trial: - The victim was the owner of U-Store-It, a 24-hour-access storage facility. - The victim was found dead at 4:00 a.m. on December 15. - A security camera showed Defendant at the storage facility at 1:00 a.m on December 15. - The victim and Defendant knew each other and were friends. - The victim had borrowed $500 from Defendant.- At 10:30 a.m. on December 15, Defendant deposited $500 in his checking account.- An autopsy showed that the victim died six hours before he was found dead.What factual deduction can Defendant's counsel use to argue that Defendant is not guilty?
A)That the victim died at 10:00 p.m. on December 14, three hours before Defendant was at the storage facility.
B)That none of the evidence shows that the $500 deposit was related to the debt owed by the victim to Defendant.
C)That Defendant stole the $500 from the office of the storage facility.
D)That the victim had borrowed the $500 from a friend.

Accepted Answer

That the victim died at 10:00 p.m. on December 14, three hours before Defendant was at the storage facility. Answer A is correct because it would allow the attorney to argue that Defendant was not at the storage facility at the time the victim died. Answer B is not correct because, even if true, it is circumstantial, and because the time-of-death argument is stronger. Answer C is not correct because it would not have any direct effect on Defendant's guilt, and might tend to support guilt. Answer D is not correct because it is more likely to support guilt (when combined with other facts).

Question 6

A crime is to a criminal as ________ is to a(n) _________.
A)pirate : piracy
B)art : artist
C)dog : cat
D)smiling : laugh

Accepted Answer

A crime is to a criminal as art is to an artist. A crime is an act of wrongdoing, and a criminal is a person who committed the act. Art results from a creative act, and an artist is the person who performed the creative act. Answer A is not correct because the relationship is reversed (the person is the pirate to the act of piracy). Answer C is not correct because dogs and cats are not correlated as an act or event and the name given to the person who engaged in the act or event. Answer D is not correct because smiling and a laugh are not correlated as an act or event and the name given to the person who engaged in the act or event.

Quiz 2: Reasoning

A judgment is to law as a(n) is to _.

A cardboard box is to shipping as a(n) is to _.

A crime is to a criminal as is to a(n) _.