As a Result of Historically High Gasoline Prices in 2008,traffic

As a result of historically high gasoline prices in 2008,traffic volume in the United States (measured in terms of billions of miles driven per month) declined significantly.These changes were caused by a of gasoline and .

A) surplus; a decrease in the quantity demanded of gasoline
B) surplus; a decrease in the demand for gasoline
C) shortage; a decrease in the quantity demanded of gasoline
D) shortage; a decrease in the demand for gasoline
E) shortage; an increase in the demand for gasoline