Question 1

Which of the following tumor stages is correctly matched to the appropriate prostate cancer involvement or invasion?
A)Stage T2b is associated with tumor involvement of more than one half of one lobe but not both lobes of the prostate.
B)Stage T2c is associated with nonpalpable tumor involvement of both lobes of the prostate via needle biopsy.
C)Stage T3a is associated with tumor invasion of the prostate apex.
D)Stage T4 is associated with tumor invasion of the seminal vesicles.

Accepted Answer

Stage T2b in prostate cancer staging indicates that the tumor involves more than one half of one lobe but not both lobes of the prostate, which is correctly matched in the given options.

Question 2

According to GOG 122 (Randall), the survival rate of patients who have surgical stage III-IV endometrial cancer and receive adjuvant abdominopelvic irradiation compared to adjuvant chemotherapy is:
A)worse.
B)similar.
C)improved.
D)not able to be analyzed.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

A well-lateralized, stage T3N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx has at least a 15% risk of metastasis to the:
A)ipsilateral parotid lymph nodes.
B)ipsilateral submandibular lymph nodes.
C)posterior triangle lymph nodes bilaterally.
D)occipital lymph nodes bilaterally.

Accepted Answer

The nasopharynx has a rich lymphatic drainage, and squamous cell carcinoma in this region frequently metastasizes to the cervical lymph nodes, including the posterior triangle lymph nodes. Given the anatomy and lymphatic drainage patterns, even well-lateralized tumors in the nasopharynx can metastasize to the posterior triangle lymph nodes on both sides (bilaterally), reflecting the interconnected nature of lymphatic drainage in the head and neck region.

Question 4

What is the second leading cause of lung cancer?
A)Exposure to arsenic
B)Exposure to asbestos
C)Exposure to benzene
D)Exposure to radon

Accepted Answer

Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as basements and ground floors.

Question 5

Which of the following chromosomal translocations is most commonly associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
A)t(8;14)
B)t(9;22)
C)t(11;14)
D)t(14;18)

Accepted Answer

t(8;14) is the most commonly associated chromosomal translocation with Burkitt lymphoma, involving the c-myc gene on chromosome 8 and the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14.

Question 6

What is the most common secondary malignant neoplasm inside the radiation field for patients with retinoblastoma?
A)Squamous cell carcinoma
B)Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
C)Fibrosarcoma
D)Osteosarcoma

Accepted Answer

Osteosarcoma is the most common secondary malignant neoplasm inside the radiation field for patients with retinoblastoma.

Question 7

Three different lung cancer radiation treatments are being assessed for maximum- tolerated dose. This study is an example of what type of clinical trial?
A)Phase I
B)Phase II
C)Phase III
D)Pilot

Accepted Answer

Phase I trials are designed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of a treatment, among other safety parameters, which aligns with the objective described in the question.

Question 8

Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer?
A)Tumor size
B)Mitotic index
C)Axillary lymph node status
D)Histopathologic tumor grade

Accepted Answer

Axillary lymph node status is the most important predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer, as it reflects the extent of disease spread.

Question 9

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most useful for determining the tumor stage of esophageal cancer?
A)Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
B)Endoscopic ultrasound
C)PET scan
D)CT scan

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is most useful for determining the tumor stage of esophageal cancer because it provides detailed images of the layers of the esophagus wall and can help assess how deeply the tumor has invaded these layers and whether nearby lymph nodes are involved.

Question 10

Which of the following studies compared surgery alone versus surgery plus external-beam pelvic irradiation in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer and required all patients to undergo surgical staging with pelvic lymphadenectomy?
A)GOG 99 (Keys)
B)GOG 33 (Morrow)
C)PORTEC (Creutzberg)
D)Norwegian (Aalders)

Accepted Answer

GOG 99 (Keys) is the study that compared surgery alone versus surgery plus external-beam pelvic irradiation in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer and required all patients to undergo surgical staging with pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Question 11

Which of the following findings is most likely to be caused by loss of function of right cranial nerve XII?
A)Deviation of the tongue to the left side with protrusion
B)Deviation of the tongue to the right side with protrusion
C)Loss of sweet taste on the right side of the tongue
D)Loss of salty taste on the right side of the tongue

Accepted Answer

The right cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) controls the muscles of the tongue on the right side. Loss of function in this nerve would lead to weakness on the right side of the tongue. When the tongue is protruded, it would deviate towards the weakened (right) side because the muscles on the left side are pushing it out unopposed.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about video-assisted thoracic surgery for patients with lung cancer is FALSE?
A)The postoperative period is shorter.
B)It decreases the risk of intraoperative bleeding.
C)It is a viable alternative to thoracotomy in patients who are frail.
D)Locoregional recurrence is increased.

Accepted Answer

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer patients does not increase locoregional recurrence rates compared to traditional thoracotomy. It is known for benefits such as shorter postoperative recovery, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and being a viable option for frail patients, without compromising on the recurrence rates.

Question 13

According to GOG 99 (Keys), which of the following sites is most likely to be associated with cancer recurrence in a patient who has early-stage endometrial cancer and undergoes TAH-BSO without adjuvant irradiation?
A)Liver
B)Vaginal vault
C)Pelvic lymph nodes
D)Paraaortic lymph nodes

Accepted Answer

The GOG 99 trial (Keys et al.) identified the vaginal vault as the most common site of cancer recurrence in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer who undergo total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) without adjuvant irradiation.

Question 14

Which of the following laboratory tests is most appropriate for determining if a patient with acromegaly has responded favorably to radiation therapy?
A)Serum glucose level
B)Growth hormone (GH)
C)Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
D)Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)

Accepted Answer

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the most appropriate test for monitoring response to treatment in acromegaly, as it reflects the average level of growth hormone activity over time.

Question 15

Which of the following soft tissue sarcomas is most likely to be found in a patient with neurofibromatosis, type 1?
A)Liposarcoma
B)Fibrosarcoma
C)Leiomyosarcoma
D)Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Accepted Answer

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are the most likely type of soft tissue sarcoma to be found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), reflecting the disorder's association with nerve tissue abnormalities.

Question 16

Which of the following survival times is most likely to be associated with a patient who has a class II brain metastasis, based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis (RPA)?
A)10.2 months
B)07.1 months
C)04.2 months
D)02.3 months

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following survival times is...

Question 17

Radiation-induced cell death in carcinomas typically occurs immediately after attempting to traverse which phase of the cell cycle?
A)G0
B)G1
C)G2
D)M

Accepted Answer

Radiation-induced cell death in carcinomas typically occurs immediately after cells attempt to traverse the M phase (mitosis) of the cell cycle. This is because DNA damage caused by radiation is most lethal when cells attempt to divide, making the M phase a critical point where such damage leads to cell death.

Question 18

Which of the following antigens is a T-cell marker?
A)CD7
B)CD20
C)CD30
D)CD40

Accepted Answer

CD7 is a marker found on T cells, playing a role in T-cell interactions and signaling.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about adenocarcinoma of the lung is true?
A)It is the most common histologic subtype.
B)It is treated differently than squamous cell carcinoma.
C)It is less likely to metastasize to the brain than other histologies.
D)It is rarely associated with TTF-1.

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer, especially in non-smokers and women.

Question 20

A 9-month-old infant has a mass in the left flank, periorbital ecchymosis, and bone metastasis to the right femur. Biopsy results are consistent with neuroblastoma. What cancer stage would be most appropriate for this patient's condition?
A)Stage 2
B)Stage 3
C)Stage 4
D)Stage 4S

Accepted Answer

The presence of distant metastasis, such as bone metastasis to the right femur, in a patient with neuroblastoma indicates a diagnosis of Stage 4 disease according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS). Stage 4 is characterized by the spread of the tumor to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, and/or other organs (excluding Stage 4S criteria).

Quiz 12: Oncology

Which of the following tumor stages is correctly matched to the appropriate prostate cancer involvement or invasion?

According to GOG 122 (Randall) , the survival rate of patients who have surgical stage III-IV endometrial cancer and receive adjuvant abdominopelvic irradiation compared to adjuvant chemotherapy is:

A well-lateralized, stage T3N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx has at least a 15% risk of metastasis to the:

What is the second leading cause of lung cancer?

Which of the following chromosomal translocations is most commonly associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

What is the most common secondary malignant neoplasm inside the radiation field for patients with retinoblastoma?

Three different lung cancer radiation treatments are being assessed for maximum- tolerated dose. This study is an example of what type of clinical trial?

Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer?

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most useful for determining the tumor stage of esophageal cancer?

Which of the following studies compared surgery alone versus surgery plus external-beam pelvic irradiation in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer and required all patients to undergo surgical staging with pelvic lymphadenectomy?

Which of the following findings is most likely to be caused by loss of function of right cranial nerve XII?

Which of the following statements about video-assisted thoracic surgery for patients with lung cancer is FALSE?

According to GOG 99 (Keys) , which of the following sites is most likely to be associated with cancer recurrence in a patient who has early-stage endometrial cancer and undergoes TAH-BSO without adjuvant irradiation?

Which of the following laboratory tests is most appropriate for determining if a patient with acromegaly has responded favorably to radiation therapy?

Which of the following soft tissue sarcomas is most likely to be found in a patient with neurofibromatosis, type 1?

Which of the following survival times is most likely to be associated with a patient who has a class II brain metastasis, based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) ?

Radiation-induced cell death in carcinomas typically occurs immediately after attempting to traverse which phase of the cell cycle?

Which of the following antigens is a T-cell marker?

Which of the following statements about adenocarcinoma of the lung is true?

A 9-month-old infant has a mass in the left flank, periorbital ecchymosis, and bone metastasis to the right femur. Biopsy results are consistent with neuroblastoma. What cancer stage would be most appropriate for this patient's condition?