Trade arrangements governing the relationships in the different states of production, distribution and sale of the same product are:

Question

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Vertical business arrangements govern the relationships between firms in different stages of production, distribution and sale of the same product. This includes relationships between manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, for example. Horizontal business arrangements refer to relationships between firms in the same stage of production, such as competing manufacturers or competing retailers. Real business arrangements and single product business arrangements are not commonly used terms in this context, and sideways business arrangements are not a recognized term at all.

Trade Arrangements Governing the Relationships in the Different States of Production