Question 1

Adaptive system management is
A)it uses machine-learning techniques. here program can learn from past experience and adapt themselves to new situations.
B)computational procedure that takes some value as input and produces some value as output.
C)science of making machines performs tasks that would require intelligence when performed by humans.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Adaptive system management involves systems that can adjust and learn from their experiences, often through the use of machine learning techniques. This allows the program to adapt to new situations based on past experiences.

Question 2

Bayesian classifiers is
A)a class of learning algorithm that tries to find an optimum classification of a set of examples using the probabilistic theory.
B)any mechanism employed by a learning system to constrain the search space of a hypothesis.
C)an approach to the design of learning algorithms that is inspired by the fact that when people encounter new situations, they often explain them by reference to familiar experiences, adapting the explanations to fit the new situation.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Bayesian classifiers are based on Bayes' theorem and are used in machine learning to classify data by calculating the probability that a given feature set belongs to a particular class. This approach uses probabilistic theory to find the optimal classification.

Question 3

Algorithm is
A)it uses machine-learning techniques. here program can learn from past experience and adapt themselves to new situations.
B)computational procedure that takes some value as input and produces some value as output.
C)science of making machines performs tasks that would require intelligence when performed by humans.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

B) An algorithm is essentially a computational procedure or a set of rules that defines a sequence of operations to be performed in a certain order to get a desired output from a given input. It does not inherently learn from past experiences or adapt like machine learning algorithms, nor is it specifically about making machines perform tasks requiring human intelligence, which relates more to artificial intelligence.

Question 4

Bias is
A)a class of learning algorithm that tries to find an optimum classification of a set of examples using the probabilistic theory.
B)any mechanism employed by a learning system to constrain the search space of a hypothesis.
C)an approach to the design of learning algorithms that is inspired by the fact that when people encounter new situations, they often explain them by reference to familiar experiences, adapting the explanations to fit the new situation.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Bias in machine learning refers to the assumptions made by a model to make predictions. It is a mechanism used to simplify the learning process by reducing the complexity of the hypothesis space, thus guiding the model towards a specific direction in its learning process. This helps in making the learning algorithm more efficient by constraining the search space of possible hypotheses.

Question 5

Background knowledge referred to
A)additional acquaintance used by a learning algorithm to facilitate the learning process.
B)a neural network that makes use of a hidden layer.
C)it is a form of automatic learning.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Background knowledge in the context of machine learning or artificial intelligence refers to any extra information, data, or acquaintance that a learning algorithm can use to facilitate or improve the learning process. This can include prior knowledge about the problem domain, additional datasets, rules, or constraints that help guide the learning in a more effective direction.

Question 6

Case-based learning is
A)a class of learning algorithm that tries to find an optimum classification of a set of examples using the probabilistic theory.
B)any mechanism employed by a learning system to constrain the search space of a hypothesis.
C)an approach to the design of learning algorithms that is inspired by the fact that when people encounter new situations, they often explain them by reference to familiar experiences, adapting the explanations to fit the new situation.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Case-based learning is an approach that mimics how humans tackle new situations by referencing and adapting solutions from past experiences, rather than relying on probabilistic theory or solely on constraining search spaces.

Question 7

Classification is
A)a subdivision of a set of examples into a number of classes.
B)a measure of the accuracy, of the classification of a concept that is given by a certain theory.
C)the task of assigning a classification to a set of examples
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Classification is the process of dividing a set of examples into different classes based on their attributes.

Question 8

Binary attribute are
A)this takes only two values. in general, these values will be 0 and 1 and .they can be coded as one bit
B)the natural environment of a certain species.
C)systems that can be used without knowledge of internal operations.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Binary attributes are those that take only two values, which are generally coded as 0 and 1, representing two distinct categories or states. This can be efficiently represented using one bit in digital systems.

Question 9

Classification accuracy is
A)a subdivision of a set of examples into a number of classes
B)measure of the accuracy, of the classification of a concept that is given by a certain theory.
C)the task of assigning a classification to a set of examples
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Classification accuracy is indeed a measure of how accurately a model or theory can classify or categorize examples or instances within a dataset. It is typically expressed as a percentage of the total examples that were correctly classified.

Question 10

Biotope are
A)this takes only two values. in general, these values will be 0 and 1 and they can be coded as one bit.
B)the natural environment of a certain species
C)systems that can be used without knowledge of internal operations
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Biotope refers to the natural environment or habitat of a certain species, encompassing the physical and biological conditions in which a species lives.

Question 11

Cluster is
A)group of similar objects that differ significantly from other objects
B)operations on a database to transform or simplify data in order to prepare it for a machine-learning algorithm
C)symbolic representation of facts or ideas from which information can potentially be extracted
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

A cluster refers to a collection of objects that are similar to one another but distinct from objects in other clusters. This concept is widely used in various fields, including data analysis, machine learning, and statistics, to group similar entities together based on certain characteristics or features.

Question 12

Black boxes are
A)this takes only two values. in general, these values will be 0 and 1 and they can be coded as one bit.
B)the natural environment of a certain species
C)systems that can be used without knowledge of internal operations
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Black boxes refer to systems or devices whose workings are not understood or are not meant to be understood by the user. Users interact with them through inputs and outputs without needing to know how they work internally.

Question 13

A definition of a concept is-----if it recognizes all the instances of that concept
A)complete
B)consistent
C)constant
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

A definition is considered complete if it includes all instances of the concept it defines, ensuring no instance is left unrecognized or unaccounted for.

Question 14

A definition or a concept is------------- if it classifies any examples as coming within the concept
A)complete
B)consistent
C)constant
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of A definition or a concept is------------- if...

Question 15

Data selection is
A)the actual discovery phase of a knowledge discovery process
B)the stage of selecting the right data for a kdd process
C)a subject-oriented integrated time variant non-volatile collection of data in support of management
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Data selection refers to the stage in the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process where the appropriate data is identified and retrieved for further analysis. It involves determining which data sources and data sets are relevant to the problem at hand.

Question 16

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
A)it is hidden within a database and can only be recovered if one ,is given certain clues (an example is encrypted information).
B)the process of executing implicit previously unknown and potentially useful information from data
C)an extremely complex molecule that occurs in human chromosomes and that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

DNA is a complex molecule found in human chromosomes, carrying genetic information through genes, distinguishing it from data encryption or information extraction processes.

Question 17

Hybrid is
A)combining different types of method or information
B)approach to the design of learning algorithms that is structured along the lines of the theory of evolution.
C)decision support systems that contain an information base filled with the knowledge of an expert formulated in terms of if-then rules.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Hybrid refers to combining different types or methods of information or systems, integrating diverse elements into a cohesive whole.

Question 18

Discovery is
A)it is hidden within a database and can only be recovered if one is given certain clues (an example is encrypted information).
B)the process of executing implicit previously unknown and potentially useful information from data.
C)an extremely complex molecule that occurs in human chromosomes and that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Discovery, in the context of data, refers to the process of uncovering implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. This is often associated with data mining and analytics, where the goal is to extract valuable insights or patterns from large datasets.

Question 19

Euclidean distance measure is
A)a stage of the kdd process in which new data is added to the existing selection.
B)the process of finding a solution for a problem simply by enumerating all possible solutions according to some pre-defined order and then testing them
C)the distance between two points as calculated using the pythagoras theorem.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Euclidean distance measure calculates the distance between two points in Euclidean space, using the Pythagoras theorem. It is a common metric used in various fields such as mathematics, physics, and machine learning for determining the straight-line distance between two points in a plane or three-dimensional space.

Question 20

Hidden knowledge referred to
A)a set of databases from different vendors, possibly using different database paradigms
B)an approach to a problem that is not guaranteed to work but performs well in most cases
C)information that is hidden in a database and that cannot be recovered by a simple sql query.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Hidden knowledge in the context of databases refers to insights or patterns that are not immediately obvious or retrievable through straightforward SQL queries. It often requires advanced data mining or analytical techniques to uncover such hidden knowledge.

Quiz 1: Adaptive System Management and Machine Learning

Adaptive system management is

Bayesian classifiers is

Algorithm is

Bias is

Background knowledge referred to

Case-based learning is

Classification is

Binary attribute are

Classification accuracy is

Biotope are

Cluster is

Black boxes are

A definition of a concept is-----if it recognizes all the instances of that concept

A definition or a concept is------------- if it classifies any examples as coming within the concept

Data selection is

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Hybrid is

Discovery is

Euclidean distance measure is

Hidden knowledge referred to