Question 1

Relatively cooler magma in an erupting volcano is apparently the result of ________.
A) the amount of water present
B) depth of magma formation
C) position of astronomical bodies
D) surface salinity
E) the relatively high amount of silica present

Accepted Answer

The relatively high amount of silica present in magma increases its viscosity, making it cooler compared to low-silica magma. High-silica magma doesn't heat as efficiently and tends to erupt at lower temperatures.

Question 2

The first comprehensive theory of continental drift was propounded by ________.
A) Darwin
B) Köppen
C) Wegener
D) Wallace
E) Sagan

Accepted Answer

The first comprehensive theory of continental drift was propounded by Alfred Wegener in 1915.

Question 3

On the Richter scale, "very large" earthquakes are assigned a number of ________ or above.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 7
D) 25
E) 47.5

Accepted Answer

"Very large" earthquakes are often those with a magnitude of 7 or greater on the Richter scale. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choices A, B, D, and E are incorrect as they do not fall within the range of magnitudes associated with "very large" earthquakes.

Question 4

Evidence of former surface volcanic activity is often found in the vast accumulations of lava called ________.
A) hot spots
B) flood basalts
C) magma
D) calderas
E) pyroclastic

Accepted Answer

The term "vast accumulations of lava" fits the description of flood basalts, which are formed by lava flows from extensive volcanic eruptions in the past.

Question 5

The totality of materials ejected from a volcano, including liquid material, ashes, and dust is termed ________.
A) lava
B) magma
C) silica
D) granite
E) pyroclastic material

Accepted Answer

The term "pyroclastic material" refers to the totality of materials ejected from a volcano, including liquid material, ashes, and dust. Lava refers specifically to the liquid/molten material that flows out of a volcano, while magma is the molten material beneath the Earth's surface. Silica is a primary component of magma and lava, while granite is an igneous rock that can form from the cooling and solidification of magma.

Question 6

The world system of interconnected ocean bottom ridges comes to a total of about ________ kilometers.
A) 6
B) 60
C) 6,000
D) 60,000
E) 600,000

Accepted Answer

The world system of interconnected ocean bottom ridges totals about 60,000 kilometers, making it the longest mountain range on Earth, mostly underwater.

Question 7

The most widespread of all the intrusive forms in this list is the ________.
A) batholith
B) stock
C) lava flow
D) dike
E) volcano

Accepted Answer

Dikes are narrow, tabular intrusions of magma that cut through the surrounding rock. They are commonly found in many areas and are the most widespread of all intrusive forms. Batholiths, stocks, and volcanoes are larger features that occur less frequently, while lava flows are extrusive features.

Question 8

A crustal block which is downthrown with a steep fault scarp on either side is a ________.
A) fault block mountain
B) horst
C) graben
D) rift valley
E) syncline

Accepted Answer

This description matches a graben, which is a depressed area between two parallel normal faults where the central block has been downthrown.

Question 9

In folded terrain, a simple symmetrical downfold is termed a(n) ________.
A) monocline
B) anticline
C) syncline
D) overthrust fold
E) magma pool

Accepted Answer

A simple symmetrical downfold is a syncline. A monocline is a type of fold that has a single steeply dipping limb and a horizontal or gently dipping limb. An anticline is a fold that arches upward, and an overthrust fold involves one rock mass being pushed up and over another. A magma pool is not a type of folded terrain.

Question 10

Volcanic activity that takes place deep under the crust is termed ________.
A) subduction
B) intrusive
C) plutonic
D) metamorphic
E) pyroclastic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Volcanic activity that takes place deep under...

Question 11

Mount St. Helens is ________.
A) dead
B) scheduled to erupt in the year 2050
C) likely to vigorously erupt again
D) the largest volcano in the world
E) the world's best example of intrusive vulcanism

Accepted Answer

Although Mount St. Helens is currently in a dormant state, it is likely to erupt again in the future. In fact, it has had several periods of activity since its last major eruption in 1980.

Question 12

Structurally, the most complicated of the list below is the ________.
A) transform fault
B) normal fault
C) fault scarp
D) reverse fault
E) overthrust fault

Accepted Answer

Overthrust faults involve a significant displacement of rock material, sometimes as much as tens of kilometers, and can involve complex folding and faulting structures. The other types of faults listed involve simpler movements of rock material by comparison.

Question 13

Since the 1960s, the cause of plate tectonics has been identified to be ________.
A) diastrophism
B) convection
C) Sun spots
D) warping
E) uniformitarianism

Accepted Answer

The cause of plate tectonics has been identified to be convection within the Earth's mantle, as heat from the core drives movement in the molten rock. This movement in the mantle causes the plates on the Earth's surface to move and interact with each other, leading to geological events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Question 14

The Sierra Nevada and Sawtooth mountain ranges were caused by a huge intrusion type known as a ________.
A) dike
B) batholith
C) laccolith
D) stock
E) vein

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Sierra Nevada and Sawtooth mountain ranges...

Question 15

The Pacific "ring of fire" refers to the ________.
A) flood basalts
B) Hawaiian Islands
C) volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean
D) Azores Island
E) subduction zones on the ocean floor

Accepted Answer

The phrase "ring of fire" typically refers to the chain of volcanoes and tectonic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean, making it the most seismically and volcanically active area on earth.

Question 16

Crater Lake, Oregon, is an example of a volcanic ________.
A) lava flow
B) peak
C) caldera
D) batholith
E) neck

Accepted Answer

Crater Lake is a caldera, which is a large depression that forms after the collapse of the summit of a volcano following a massive eruption.

Question 17

The Glacier Park, Montana, area provides a classic example of large scale ________.
A) flood basalts
B) transcurrent faulting
C) graben structure
D) overthrust faulting
E) horsts

Accepted Answer

The Glacier Park area is known for the Lewis Overthrust, which is one of the largest examples of overthrust faulting in the world.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an intrusive volcanic landform?
A) caldera
B) vein
C) dike
D) sill
E) batholith

Accepted Answer

Calderas are formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption, making them an extrusive feature, not an intrusive one. Intrusive landforms, like veins, dikes, sills, and batholiths, are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust.

Question 19

Deformation of the Earth's crust is called ________.
A) diastrophism
B) folding
C) faulting
D) broad warping
E) plate tectonics

Accepted Answer

The term diastrophism refers to the deformation of the Earth's crust, which can be caused by various geological processes such as folding, faulting, and broad warping. Plate tectonics is a specific theory that explains the movement of the Earth's crust, but it is not a term used to describe deformation. Therefore, the best choice is A - diastrophism.

Question 20

The original large continental mass containing all of the present continents prior to separation millions of years ago has been named ________.
A) Laurasia
B) Gondwanaland
C) Pangaea
D) Transcurrent
E) Subduction

Accepted Answer

Pangaea is the correct answer as it refers to the supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras before it split into the present-day continents. Laurasia and Gondwanaland are both parts of the Pangaea supercontinent that split apart. Transcurrent and subduction are geological processes associated with plate tectonics and are not related to the supercontinent.

Quiz 14: The Internal Processes

Relatively cooler magma in an erupting volcano is apparently the result of ________.

The first comprehensive theory of continental drift was propounded by ________.

On the Richter scale, "very large" earthquakes are assigned a number of ________ or above.

Evidence of former surface volcanic activity is often found in the vast accumulations of lava called ________.

The totality of materials ejected from a volcano, including liquid material, ashes, and dust is termed ________.

The world system of interconnected ocean bottom ridges comes to a total of about ________ kilometers.

The most widespread of all the intrusive forms in this list is the ________.

A crustal block which is downthrown with a steep fault scarp on either side is a ________.

In folded terrain, a simple symmetrical downfold is termed a(n) ________.

Volcanic activity that takes place deep under the crust is termed ________.

Mount St. Helens is ________.

Structurally, the most complicated of the list below is the ________.

Since the 1960s, the cause of plate tectonics has been identified to be ________.

The Sierra Nevada and Sawtooth mountain ranges were caused by a huge intrusion type known as a ________.

The Pacific "ring of fire" refers to the ________.

Crater Lake, Oregon, is an example of a volcanic ________.

The Glacier Park, Montana, area provides a classic example of large scale ________.

Which of the following is NOT an intrusive volcanic landform?

Deformation of the Earth's crust is called ________.

The original large continental mass containing all of the present continents prior to separation millions of years ago has been named ________.