Prolonged, heavy use of alcohol may result in

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Alcohol acts on the central nervous system as a depressant. Individuals under the influence of alcohol may experience a decrease in activity, tension, and normal inhibitions. Ingestion of a few drinks of alcohol may change behavior, decrease ability to think clearly, slow motor skills, and impair judgment and concentration. Excessive use of alcohol is often associated with anxiety, depression, insomnia, impotence, and behavioral disorders both before and during intoxication. Amnesia often occurs after intoxication. Repeated heavy drinking of alcohol produces symptoms and signs in nearly every organ system (see Figure 14-11). Chronic alcoholism causes pathologic changes in the nervous system. Common physical findings include frequent infections, hypertension, and GI problems. Some individuals experience confusion, abdominal pain, and nausea and vomiting. The patient may report unexplained seizure activity or symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Prolonged heavy use of alcohol may cause cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy, resulting in muscle weakness and paresthesia. The risk of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and other parts of the GI system is also increased. The consequences of chronic alcohol abuse include dysfunction within family and social relationships and disruption in occupational responsibilities. Some people are prone to aggressive or violent behavior, accidents, and threatened or attempted suicide. The patient often denies an inability to control or discontinue alcohol abuse.

Prolonged, Heavy Use of Alcohol May Result in