Question 1

Community Patterns
-How are small, traditional communities affected during the process of modernization?

Accepted Answer

Small, traditional communities often deteriorate during the modernization process. People within these communities feel less connected to one another. The community also faces the growth of bureaucracy.

Question 2

Community Patterns
-What is the principle behind the German phrase "Gemeinschaft und Gesellchaft"?

Accepted Answer

The principle behind the German phrase "Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft" refers to the movement of small communities toward more social organization. "Gemeinschaft" means community, while "Gesellchaft" refers to a society with a great deal of organization, including increased labor division.

Question 3

Culture
-Which of the following statements about culture is false?

Accepted Answer

Culture does not remain the same over time. It can change through innovations, outside forces, and through changes in conditions, such as an increase in poverty. Culture is both material and non-material. It can also provide a sense of meaning and stability for people, even though it does change over time. Times of change can be hard, but people often use cultural practices to find a new normal.

Question 4

Culture
-Which of the following characteristics do all cultures have in common? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Although cultures differ in language, beliefs, and norms, they all use symbols and traditions. Technology is used frequently in many cultures, but it is not a norm for all cultures. Shared traditions and symbols allow members of a society to identify with one another.

Question 5

Culture
-What is the main role of language in a culture?

Accepted Answer

The main role of language in a culture is to provide a common source of communication. Once language exists, it is easier for a culture to identify their principles and standards. Language can create a separation between cultures, but that is not a desired role for language.

Question 6

Culture
-Which is an example of language being used to create social inequality? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Using terms such as "hillbilly" or identifying an adult as a "girl" or "boy" are both examples of using language to create social inequality. A Spanish child learning to speak English is not an inequality, as studies show bilingual children often do well in school. Language has been used throughout history to stereotype and create social inequality.

Question 7

Culture
-Which of the following is an example of social sanctions in action?

Accepted Answer

These choices are all examples of social sanctions in action. Social sanctions are positive or negative responses to reinforce social norms. When someone breaks a law, they receive punishment to deter others, as well as themselves, from repeating the crime. Positive reinforcement, such as praise, helps reinforce good behaviors.

Question 8

Culture
-What word describes commonly held beliefs and ideas in a society?

Accepted Answer

Values are commonly held beliefs or ideas in a society. Valuing education and success are two beliefs that many Americans hold. Norms are standard ways of acting, while traditions, such as marriage, may be the way people show their values.

Question 9

Culture
-Which of the following is an example of a subculture in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

The Amish are a subculture in the U.S. because they have different values than those of the dominant culture. States and cities may have slightly different values than one another, but overall there is a dominant culture among them. The middle class is considered to be a major part of U.S. culture.

Question 10

Culture
-Sara is in a sorority and enjoys the close-knit group of which she is part. However, she tends to think her sorority sisters are superior to other students and has trouble understanding other viewpoints on campus. Of what is this situation a good example?

Accepted Answer

Sara's views are centered on her sorority, which is a good example of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism occurs when a person only sees their own view and cannot understand that of other groups. An extreme example of ethnocentrism is a terrorist group.

Question 11

Culture
-While traveling in the Middle East, Mark was surprised to see his favorite fast food chain. What is the term for the spread of aspects of a single culture across other cultures?

Accepted Answer

Global culture occurs when one culture affects many other cultures around the world. The spread of fast food chains across the globe is a good example of this concept. There is some worry that the far-reaching extent of Western culture will change other cultures and their traditions.

Question 12

Culture
-What is the reflection hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The reflection theory postulates that the media mirrors the views of a culture. This reflection helps consumers identify with television shows, movies, and other venues of media and entertainment. There is some evidence that people who consume a great amount of media may take on the values shown in media, but those values still come from the general population.

Question 13

Culture
-Melissa was excited to begin a job teaching English near Tokyo, Japan. She expected the culture to be different from her own, but she was still surprised by how disoriented she felt and how much she missed familiar food and customs. In this example, what was Melissa experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Melissa was experiencing culture shock. The food and customs in Japan were very different from her own. Many people experience culture shock when they visit or move to a new place. Over time they may adapt some customs of their new home as well as find ways to incorporate aspects of their native culture.

Question 14

Culture
-Which is a true statement about human fertility? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Human fertility is associated with both the biological ability of women to reproduce and the social values and practices that dictate normal family size. Social factors may be based upon the roles of women and how the economy affects family size. Fecundity describes when women reproduce at the highest possible rate.

Question 15

Culture
-What is the main contributor to the rise in world population?

Accepted Answer

Lower mortality, due to health care improvements, is the main reason for the rise in world population. Health care has allowed people to live much longer, leading to more people inhabiting the planet at the same time. Fertility and fecundity are not the main contributors because family size has actually decreased in many industrialized nations.

Question 16

Culture
-Which of the following is not a characteristic of population composition?

Accepted Answer

Migration is not a characteristic of population composition. Migration refers to people moving from one geographic location to another. Migration can affect population distribution.

Question 17

Culture
-Clara took a poll of her school and found that for every 100 females there were 102 males. What is this type of measurement called?

Accepted Answer

Clara is measuring her school's sex ratio. This measurement counts how many men there are for every 100 women. One study in 2006 found a sex ratio of 97.1 or 97 men for every 100 women. A population pyramid depicts population composition by sex and age.

Question 18

Culture
-What does a high infant mortality rate most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A high infant mortality rate most likely indicates a lack of proper health care. Poor prenatal and neonatal care often cause a rise in infant mortality. An area with a high infant mortality rate might also have high fertility or a dense population, but these factors are not necessarily indicators of mortality.

Question 19

Culture
-What do migration patterns affect?

Accepted Answer

Migration often affects an area's population density. For example, during the Industrial Revolution people, flocked to cities to seek employment. Migration also affects the ethnic makeup of a location as shown by neighborhoods, such as China Town or Little India in New York City, that have a high density of a particular nationality.

Question 20

Culture
-Which is the best example of the difference between population distribution and population density?

Accepted Answer

The best example of the difference between distribution and density is the statement that San Francisco is population dense while California's populations is unevenly distributed. Density measures the population in a particular area such as a city. Distribution refers to how widely populations are spread over a larger area such as a state or country.

Quiz 4: CLEP: Sociology

Community Patterns -How are small, traditional communities affected during the process of modernization?

Community Patterns -What is the principle behind the German phrase "Gemeinschaft und Gesellchaft"?

Culture -Which of the following statements about culture is false?

Culture -Which of the following characteristics do all cultures have in common? Choose all that apply.

Culture -What is the main role of language in a culture?

Culture -Which is an example of language being used to create social inequality? Choose all that apply.

Culture -Which of the following is an example of social sanctions in action?

Culture -What word describes commonly held beliefs and ideas in a society?

Culture -Which of the following is an example of a subculture in the U.S.?

Culture -Sara is in a sorority and enjoys the close-knit group of which she is part. However, she tends to think her sorority sisters are superior to other students and has trouble understanding other viewpoints on campus. Of what is this situation a good example?

Culture -While traveling in the Middle East, Mark was surprised to see his favorite fast food chain. What is the term for the spread of aspects of a single culture across other cultures?

Culture -What is the reflection hypothesis?

Culture -Melissa was excited to begin a job teaching English near Tokyo, Japan. She expected the culture to be different from her own, but she was still surprised by how disoriented she felt and how much she missed familiar food and customs. In this example, what was Melissa experiencing?

Culture -Which is a true statement about human fertility? Choose all that apply.

Culture -What is the main contributor to the rise in world population?

Culture -Which of the following is not a characteristic of population composition?

Culture -Clara took a poll of her school and found that for every 100 females there were 102 males. What is this type of measurement called?

Culture -What does a high infant mortality rate most likely indicate?

Culture -What do migration patterns affect?

Culture -Which is the best example of the difference between population distribution and population density?