Question 1

Which of the following correctly cites to the United States Code Annotated, Title 18, Section 1159?
A)18 U.S.C. § 1159 (2010).
B)18 U.S.C. § 1159 (West 2010).
C)18 U.S.C.A. § 1159 (West 2010).
D)18 U.S.C.A. § 1158 (West 2010).

Accepted Answer

18 U.S.C.A. § 1159 (West 2010). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. 12.3.1(d), at 105 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 2

Citation signals are used as a shorthand method for indicating how the cited material supports or relates to the proposition stated in the text. If the signal "See, e.g.," is used, the cited material __________________________________?
A)Generally supports, but does not directly support the proposition.
B)Is contrary to the proposition in the text.
C)Is the only authority that directly supports the proposition in the text.
D)Is one of several authorities that clearly support the proposition in the text.

Accepted Answer

Is one of several authorities that clearly support the proposition in the text. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. B4.3, at 5 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct citation to section (b) of Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure?
A)F.R.C.P. Rule 12(b).
B)F.R.C.P. 12(b).
C)Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b).
D)Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) (2012).

Accepted Answer

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. 12.8.3, at 110 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 4

Primary law is ____________________.
A)Federal law.
B)Persuasive.
C)Mandatory.
D)Non-mandatory.

Accepted Answer

Mandatory. Primary law is mandatory, which means that the law is binding in the jurisdiction where it originated and must be considered by courts in that jurisdiction in determining a legal or factual issue.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct citation format for a United States Supreme Court case if cited in a law-review article?
A)Montana v. Blackfeet Tribe, 471 U.S. 759 (1985).
B)Montana v. Blackfeet Tribe, 471 U.S. 759, 105 S. Ct. 2399 (1985).
C)Montana et al. v. Blackfeet Tribe, 471 U.S. 759, 105 S.Ct. 2399 (1985).
D)Montana v. Blackfeet Tribe, 471 U.S. 759, 105 S. Ct. 2399, 85 L. Ed. 2d 753 (1985).

Accepted Answer

Montana v. Blackfeet Tribe, 471 U.S. 759 (1985). When citing to a U.S. Supreme Court case, cite only to United States Reports ("U.S."), both in law-review articles and in pleadings and motions. Case citations in law-review articles do not underline the case name.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly uses a pinpoint citation for a case citation in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?
A)Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 485 (1954).
B)Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. at 485 (1954).
C)Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 485 (1954).
D)Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483-5 (1954).

Accepted Answer

Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 485 (1954). When using a pinpoint citation in the first citation of a case, always include the first page of the case followed by a comma and then the pinpoint citation.

Question 7

The term "case precedent" means ___________________________________________.
A)The same as stare decisis.
B)The case decided by the court immediately before the current case.
C)A previously decided case that provides a basis for ruling in later cases.
D)None of the above.

Accepted Answer

A previously decided case that provides a basis for ruling in later cases. Case precedent is slightly narrower than stare decisis in that case precedent is often limited to cases with similar facts and issues and does not involve synthesis of legal principles. Nonetheless, the terms stare decisis and case precedent are commonly used as interchangeable terms.

Question 8

Under The Bluebook, the word "Telecommunication" when used in a case name is abbreviated as ________________.
A)No abbreviation is used.
B)Telecomm.
C)Telecomm'n (with no period).
D)Telecomm'n.

Accepted Answer

Telecomm. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation tbl. 6 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 9

Which of the following correctly uses an explanatory phrase for subsequent case history when used in a pleading, motion, or case brief?
A)Big Horn County Elec . Co-Op v . Adams, 53 F .Supp.2d 1047 (D . Mont. 1999), aff'd on other grounds, 219 F .3d 944 (9th Cir. 2000).
B)Big Horn County Elec . Co-Op v. Adams, 53 F .Supp.2d 1047 (D . Mont. 1999), aff'd on other grounds, 219 F .3d 944 (9th Cir. 2000).
C)Big Horn County Elec . Co-Op v . Adams, 53 F .Supp.2d 1047 (D . Mont. 1999), affirmed on other grounds, Big Horn County Elec . Co-Op v . Adams, 219 F .3d 944 (9th Cir. 2000).
D)Big Horn County Elec . Co-Op v . Adams, 53 F .Supp.2d 1047 (D . Mont. 1999); 219 F .3d 944 (9th Cir. 2000) (aff'd on other grounds).

Accepted Answer

Big Horn County Elec. Co-Op v. Adams, 53 F.Supp.2d 1047 (D. Mont. 1999), aff'd on other grounds, 219 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2000). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. B5.1.5, at 10 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct short form citation for page 925 of Mercer v. Davis & Berryman Int'l, Inc., 834 F.2d 922 (1987), when cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?
A)Mercer v . Davis & Berryman Int'l, Inc ., 834 F .2d 922, 925 (1987).
B)Mercer, 834 F .2d at 925 (1987).
C)Mercer, 834 F .2d at 925.
D)Mercer, at 922.

Accepted Answer

Mercer, 834 F.2d at 925. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. B5.2, at 11 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation of the Atlantic Reporter, Second Series for use in a case citation?
A)Atl.
B)Atl. 2d
C)A. 2d
D)A.2d

Accepted Answer

A.2d See, e.g., The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation tbl. 1, at 203 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005) (summary of abbreviations for Delaware).

Question 12

For purposes of understanding case law, a dissenting opinion is an _______________________.
A)Opinion issued by a majority of dissenting state supreme courts.
B)Opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion and is issued by one or more judges on an appellate panel.
C)Opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion and is issued by the jurors hearing an appellate case.
D)Opinion issued by all judges on a court of appeals who disagree with an opinion.

Accepted Answer

Opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion and issued by one or more judges on an appellate panel. "[D]issenting opinion. An opinion by one or more judges who disagree with the decision reached by the majority." Black's Law Dictionary 502 (2d Pocket Ed. 2001).

Question 13

In a state that requires parallel citation of in-state cases, which of the following correctly cites to the 2010 Superior Court of Pennsylvania case of Albert Lockley v. CSX Transportation, Inc., found in Pennsylvania Superior Court Reports Vol. 2010, page 167, and Atlantic, 3d, Vol. 5, page 383 if cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?
A)Albert Lockley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 2010 Pa. Super. 167, 5 A.3d 383 (Super. Ct. 2010).
B)Lockley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 2010 Pa. Super. 167 (Super. Ct. 2010).
C)Lockley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 2010 Pa. Super. 167, 5 A.3d 383 (Super. Ct. 2010).
D)Lockley v. CSX Transportation, Inc., 2010 Pa. Super. 167, 5 A.3d 383 (2010).

Accepted Answer

Lockley v. CSX Transp., Inc., 2010 Pa. Super. 167, 5 A.3d 383 (Super. Ct. 2010).

Question 14

The following citation to a state court case includes only the year of the judicial opinion and contains no information about the court that issued the opinion. To a person experienced in Bluebook citation, what does that say about the court that issued the opinion?
Hileman v. Pittsburgh & Lake Erie R.R. Co., 546 Pa. 433, 685 A.2d 994 (1996).
A)That the opinion was issued by the highest court in that state jurisdiction.
B)That the opinion was issued by a lower appellate or trial court in that state jurisdiction.
C)That the opinion was issued per curiam.
D)It means nothing because the additional information about the court is optional.

Accepted Answer

That the opinion was issued by the highest court in that state jurisdiction. If only the year is included in a citation to a state court case, when the citation is a parallel citation in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief, the opinion was issued by that state's highest court.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct citation to the regulation of a Federal Communications Commission supplemental notice on a proposed regulation, with a pinpoint citation to page 69,376 found on page 69,374 of Volume 75 (2010) of the Federal Register?
A)75 Fed. Reg. 69,374 (2010).
B)75 Fed. Reg. 69,374, 69,376 (2010).
C)75 Federal Register 69,374, 69,376 (2010).
D)75 Fed. Reg. at 69,376 (2010).

Accepted Answer

75 Fed. Reg. 69,374, 69,376 (2010). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. 14.2, at 121-2 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Question 16

Reasonably helpful law dictionaries are _________________________________.
A)Only available in a traditional book format.
B)Available both in traditional book format and online without charge.
C)Available both in traditional book format, online without charge, and through pay-for-access services, such as LexisNexis.
D)Only available through pay-for-access services, such as LexisNexis.

Accepted Answer

Available both in traditional book format, online without charge, and through pay-for-access services, such as LexisNexis. Law dictionaries, such as Black's Law Dictionary and Ballantine's Law Dictionary are both available in traditional book format. Reasonably helpful law dictionaries are available online at no charge (e.g., http://dictionary.law.com). Black's Law Dictionary is available through LexisNexis.

Question 17

Unless a local or state rule provides otherwise, a citation to a state-court case in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief filed in a court in the same state as the case cited requires ________________________________________.
A)A parenthetical reference to the state supreme court that issued the opinion.
B)A parenthetical reference to the judge or justice who authored the opinion.
C)A parallel citation to a regional reporter.
D)The state court docket number.

Accepted Answer

A parallel citation to a regional reporter. Generally, a parallel citation to the same case in the appropriate regional reporter must be included in a citation to a state court case, unless a state or local rule provides otherwise.

Question 18

Generally, a citation to an out-of-state case in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief filed in an in-state court requires ________________________________________.
A)A citation only to the regional reporter, with a parenthetical reference to the state or state appellate court that issued the opinion.
B)A citation only to the regional reporter, with a parenthetical reference to the judge or justice who authored the opinion.
C)A parallel citation to the regional reporter, with a parenthetical reference to the state appellate court that issued the opinion.
D)The state court docket number.

Accepted Answer

A citation only to the regional reporter, with a parenthetical reference to the state or state appellate court that issued the opinion. For example, a Colorado Supreme Court case cited in motion filed in Wyoming would be cited as follows: Smith v. Jones, 121 P.3d 536 (Colo. 2002).

Question 19

Which of the following uses correct citation format for a law review article if cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?
A)Travis, Wi-Fi Everywhere: Universal Broadband Access as Antitrust and Telecommunications Policy, 55 Amer.U.L.Rev. 1697 (2006).
B)Hannibal Travis, "Wi-Fi Everywhere: Universal Broadband Access as Antitrust and Telecommunications Policy," 55 Am. U. L. Rev. 1697 (2006).
C)Hannibal Travis, Wi-Fi Everywhere: Universal Broadband Access as Antitrust and Telecommunications Policy, 55 Am. U. L. Rev. 1697 (2006).
D)Hannibal Travis, Wi-Fi Everywhere: Universal Broadband Access as Antitrust and Telecommunications Policy, 55 Am. U. L. Rev. 1697.

Accepted Answer

Hannibal Travis, Wi-Fi Everywhere: Universal Broadband Access as Antitrust and Telecommunications Policy, 55 Am. U. L. Rev. 1697 (2006). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. B9.1.1, at 18 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005). Note that Answer B is correctly formatted for publication in a law review.

Question 20

Which of the following uses correct citation format for an annotation in Corpus Juris Secundum, Vol. 87, Section 16 of Torts issued in 1999 if cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?
A)87 C .J.S. Torts § 16 (1999).
B)C .J.S., Vol. 87, Torts § 16 (1999).
C)C .J.S., Vol. 87, Torts § 16.
D)87 C.J.S. § 16 (1999).

Accepted Answer

87 C.J.S. Torts § 16 (1999). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation R. B8.1, at 17 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).

Quiz 8: Research

Which of the following correctly cites to the United States Code Annotated, Title 18, Section 1159?

Citation signals are used as a shorthand method for indicating how the cited material supports or relates to the proposition stated in the text. If the signal "See, e.g.," is used, the cited material __________________________________?

Which of the following is a correct citation to section (b) of Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure?

Primary law is ____________________.

Which of the following is a correct citation format for a United States Supreme Court case if cited in a law-review article?

Which of the following correctly uses a pinpoint citation for a case citation in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?

The term "case precedent" means ___________________________________________.

Under The Bluebook, the word "Telecommunication" when used in a case name is abbreviated as ________________.

Which of the following correctly uses an explanatory phrase for subsequent case history when used in a pleading, motion, or case brief?

Which of the following is a correct short form citation for page 925 of Mercer v. Davis & Berryman Int'l, Inc., 834 F.2d 922 (1987) , when cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation of the Atlantic Reporter, Second Series for use in a case citation?

For purposes of understanding case law, a dissenting opinion is an _______________________.

Which of the following is a correct citation to the regulation of a Federal Communications Commission supplemental notice on a proposed regulation, with a pinpoint citation to page 69,376 found on page 69,374 of Volume 75 (2010) of the Federal Register?

Reasonably helpful law dictionaries are _________________________________.

Unless a local or state rule provides otherwise, a citation to a state-court case in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief filed in a court in the same state as the case cited requires ________________________________________.

Generally, a citation to an out-of-state case in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief filed in an in-state court requires ________________________________________.

Which of the following uses correct citation format for a law review article if cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?

Which of the following uses correct citation format for an annotation in Corpus Juris Secundum, Vol. 87, Section 16 of Torts issued in 1999 if cited in a pleading, motion, or appellate brief?