Question 1

Match the cause with the disorder.​
-Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is caused by nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair, resulting in an individual having three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the typical two.

The other options are incorrect:
A) describes lactose intolerance, which is not a disorder mentioned in the question.
C) describes X-linked recessive inheritance, which has not been identified as the cause for Down syndrome.
D) describes nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes, which is not related to Down syndrome.

Question 2

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​
-A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
Species X is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine
Species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine
Species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Z is most likely due to this.

Accepted Answer

The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Z is due to an addition of an extra amino acid (valine) in between glycine and threonine.

Question 3

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​
-How many chromosomes does each somatic cell have in a human male who has two X chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the following questions in reference to...

Question 4

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​
-A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
Species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine
Species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine
Species Z is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to this.

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence of species Y is missing one glycine compared to species X and Z, indicating a deletion occurred in the gene sequence.

Question 5

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​
-Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and ABCDEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The best process for this statement is translocation, which involves the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another. In this case, the homologous sets of genes are on nonhomologous chromosomes, indicating a translocation event. None of the other processes listed would result in this specific scenario.

Question 6

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​
-Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The sequence of genes ABCDEF changing to AEDCBF on homologous chromosomes suggests an inversion, where a segment of the chromosome has been flipped to the opposite orientation.

Question 7

Match the cause with the disorder.​
-red-green color blindness

Accepted Answer

Red-green color blindness is caused by X-linked recessive inheritance, meaning the gene for the photopigments that detect red and green colors is located on the X chromosome, and a mutation in that gene results in the disorder.

Question 8

Match the cause with the disorder.​
-galactosemia

Accepted Answer

Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder in which there is a blockage in the metabolism of lactose, leading to the accumulation of galactose in the bloodstream.

Answer: B
 Down syndrome is caused by the nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair. This leads to the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the individual.

Answer: C
 Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the genes responsible for producing clotting factors in the blood.

Answer: D
 Turner syndrome is caused by the nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes, leading to the absence of one copy of the X chromosome in females.

Question 9

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.​
-triploidy

Accepted Answer

Triploidy is characterized by having three sets of chromosomes, or 3n, which results in genetic imbalance and is generally associated with sterility.

Question 10

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.​
-trisomy

Accepted Answer

Trisomy refers to a condition where there is an extra copy of a chromosome, resulting in a chromosomal number of (2n + 1).

Answer: A
 Trisomy can also lead to chromosomal imbalance, which often causes infertility.

Question 11

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​
-The nucleotide sequences of homologous regions of DNA of two species are AATGCCCCGTTA and AATGCCCCGCTTA. If this is not the result of a nucleotide base-pair addition, then it is most likely the result of this.

Accepted Answer

The two sequences differ by only one nucleotide, with the second sequence having a "C" inserted between the sixth and seventh nucleotide. This indicates a deletion of one nucleotide in the first sequence.

Question 12

Match the cause with the disorder.​
-hemophilia A

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A is caused by X-linked recessive inheritance, meaning the disorder is carried on the X chromosome and is more commonly seen in males because they only have one X chromosome.

Question 13

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​
-How many chromosomes are present in each cell of the germ cell line for a tetraploid species whose normal complement of chromosomes is 48?

Accepted Answer

A tetraploid species has four sets of chromosomes. Therefore, the germ cell line would have 48 x 4 = 192 chromosomes. Each gamete would have half of the chromosomes, so 192/2 = 96 chromosomes per gamete. Since the question is asking for the number of chromosomes in each cell of the germ cell line, the answer would be 96/4 = 24 chromosomes.

Question 14

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​
-How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cells of a child born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21)?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. In normal human somatic cells, there are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). However, individuals with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes, with an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Question 15

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.​
-monosomy

Accepted Answer

Monosomy refers to the loss of one chromosome in a diploid organism, resulting in a chromosome complement of 2n-1.

Question 16

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​
-The normal sperm cell of species X carries 11 chromosomes. Following nondisjunction in the formation of secondary spermatocytes and their subsequent fertilization of normal ova, some of the zygotes will have 21 chromosomes, and the remainder will have how many chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction in secondary spermatocytes leads to sperm with either an extra chromosome (12) or one less (10). Fertilizing a normal ovum (11 chromosomes) results in zygotes with either 23 or 21 chromosomes.

Question 17

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​
-Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and aBCdEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes. Crossing over between them is suppressed because their locations are the result of this.

Accepted Answer

Translocation involves the exchange of genetic material between nonhomologous chromosomes, which could result in the placement of homologous sets of genes on different chromosomes, as described in the statement. This process could suppress crossing over between the two sets of genes.

Question 18

Match the cause with the disorder.​
-Turner syndrome

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome is caused by nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes, leading to a female typically having only one X chromosome instead of two.

Question 19

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​
-Following a gene duplication event involving only five loci, how many chromosomes will a human female have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the following questions in reference to...

Question 20

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.​
-This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder.

Accepted Answer

Progeria is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning only one copy of the mutated gene is needed for the disorder to be present.

Quiz 14: Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Match the cause with the disorder. -Down syndrome

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below. -How many chromosomes does each somatic cell have in a human male who has two X chromosomes?

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement. -Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and ABCDEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement. -Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes.

Match the cause with the disorder. -red-green color blindness

Match the cause with the disorder. -galactosemia

Choose the most appropriate answer for each. -triploidy

Choose the most appropriate answer for each. -trisomy

Match the cause with the disorder. -hemophilia A

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below. -How many chromosomes are present in each cell of the germ cell line for a tetraploid species whose normal complement of chromosomes is 48?

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below. -How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cells of a child born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) ?

Choose the most appropriate answer for each. -monosomy

Match the cause with the disorder. -Turner syndrome

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below. -Following a gene duplication event involving only five loci, how many chromosomes will a human female have?

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements. -This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder.

Quiz 14: Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Match the cause with the disorder.​ -Down syndrome

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​ -How many chromosomes does each somatic cell have in a human male who has two X chromosomes?

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​ -Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and ABCDEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.​ -Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes.

Match the cause with the disorder.​ -red-green color blindness

Match the cause with the disorder.​ -galactosemia

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.​ -triploidy

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.​ -trisomy

Match the cause with the disorder.​ -hemophilia A

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​ -How many chromosomes are present in each cell of the germ cell line for a tetraploid species whose normal complement of chromosomes is 48?

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​ -How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cells of a child born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) ?

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.​ -monosomy

Match the cause with the disorder.​ -Turner syndrome

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.​ -Following a gene duplication event involving only five loci, how many chromosomes will a human female have?

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.​ -This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder.