Question 1

Identify the type of perceptual alteration represented in the following example: Jim,a 12-year-old,states,"I am different from others in my physical education class because I am the class dunce."

Accepted Answer

Negative concepts of possible selves can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.Distorted reality refers to a sense of self not based in reality.Selective attention occurs when a person hears only part of the message.Cognitive distortion refers to a distortion in thinking.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a client who is anxious about a new diagnosis of cancer.When discussing chemotherapy with the client,the nurse understands that

Accepted Answer

The nurse should avoid sensory overload,and repeat instructions if the client appears anxious.

Question 3

A client states,"I am an obese,compulsive person." The nurse demonstrates how to conduct a perceptual check when stating which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Frequent perceptual checks and active listening are helpful interventions.When combined with well-thought-out inferences about the meaning of client behaviors,they enhance the quality of decision making in the nurse-client relationship.Checking in with clients allows the nurse to use perceptual data in a conscious,deliberate way to facilitate the relationship process."Is it difficult for you to be this way?" allows for only a "yes" or "no" answer and does not actively engage the client in conversation."I wouldn't worry about being very neat" does not encourage an active conversation."It is okay to be this way; you are not hurting anyone" does not encourage an active conversation.

Question 4

When directing the behavior of clients,it is important for the nurse to

Accepted Answer

Understanding the dimensions of self-concept and the critical role it plays in directing behavior is key to working effectively with clients and families.It is always a core variable to consider in nurse-client relationships.Nurses play an important role in providing support and guidance for clients related to self-concept.The nurse engages with the client in a goal-directed professional relationship.The nurse connects emotionally with the client.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is defined as the emotional value a person places on his or her self-concept.It identifies the degree to which people approve of themselves.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about perception is true?

Accepted Answer

Personal identity is constructed through cognitive processes of perception and cognition.Perception is a function of the mind,not the senses.Perception is an intrapersonal process.Negative images are retained longer than positive ones.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has had an amputation of his right leg.The client states,"I'm really worried my girlfriend might not want to be with me anymore.I don't look the same." Which of the following concepts is represented in this situation?

Accepted Answer

This situation refers to an individual's perception of the body.The situation is not about how the client performs but about how he perceives his body.Self-esteem refers to the significance placed on self-concept.Personal identity concept refers to perceptual,cognitive,emotional,and spiritual elements.

Question 8

An older adult client is admitted to the hospital with terminal cancer.The client expresses acceptance of impending death and states,"I am very satisfied with the life I had." The nurse recognizes the client is in Erikson's stage of psychosocial development known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

In this stage,the focus is the meaning of life and worth.It includes acceptance of growing limitations while maintaining a maximum productivity.Expression of acceptance of certitude of death as well as satisfaction with one's contributions to life are also characteristics of this stage.Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt occurs during the toddler stage of development.Intimacy versus Isolation occurs during the young adult stage.Identity versus Identity Diffusion occurs during adolescence.

Question 9

When giving a class presentation on self-concept,a student nurse notices that a classmate has fallen asleep.The student nurse immediately decides that the presentation must be boring and that she will fail this assignment and subsequently obtain a poor grade in the course.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Self-talk is a cognitive process people can use to lessen cognitive distortions.When the thought carries a negative value,it can affect the individual as though the thought represented the whole truth about the person.Selective attention occurs when a person hears only parts of a message.In this situation,it could become a self-fulfilling prophecy if her performance does in fact suffer.Negative feedback could occur if the instructor told the student the presentation was boring.

Question 10

After receiving her morning assignment,the nurse realizes that she will be caring for a client with Alzheimer disease.The nurse understands that when communicating with this client,it will be important to

Accepted Answer

Keeping communication simple can help the client compensate for cognitive deficits.Use of touch to emphasize directions or guide the client can help compensate for cognitive deficits.Clients with cognitive deficits need more time to process information.Present ideas one at a time.

Question 11

To adequately meet the spiritual needs of clients,the nurse should first

Accepted Answer

Nurses need to distinguish between their own spiritual orientation and needs and those of their clients.It is not appropriate to impose a spiritual ritual on a client that would be at odds with his or her spiritual beliefs.There should be some evidence from the client's conversation that praying or reading the bible with a client would be an acceptable support.

Question 12

When learning about the Johari Window,the student nurse recognizes that the model consists of four areas,and that the hidden self can best be described as

Accepted Answer

Although cognitive awareness of the self-concept is never fully complete,the Johari Window provides a disclosure/feedback model to help people learn more about their self-concept (Luft & Ingham).The model consists of four areas:
.Open self (arena): what is known to self and others
.Blind self: what is known by others,but not by self
.Hidden self (façade): what is known by self,but not by others
.Unknown self: what is unknown to self and also unknown to others

Question 13

A client has just had his status changed to "comfort care only." The nurse recognizes that the client is spiritually distressed.The nurse understands that spiritual pain

Accepted Answer

Spiritual pain can be as severe as physical pain and often is closely accompanied by emotional pain.Asking about the effect an illness or health problem has had on spiritual beliefs yields useful information.Being able to talk freely about spiritual distress helps put it into perspective.Identifying a client's current religious affiliations and practices is important,and inquiring about religious rituals important to the client is essential.Spiritual pain can be inferred from behavior and if the client is willing to share verbally.

Question 14

Which of the following represents the role of the nurse in helping a client reframe a potentially incapacitating sense of self into one with more hope and broader options when faced with a health-related difficulty?

Accepted Answer

When life "throws a health-related curve ball," nurses play a critical role in helping clients reframe a potentially incapacitating sense of self into one with more hope and broader options.They can help clients revisit personal strengths,consider new possibilities,incorporate new information,and seek out appropriate resources as a basis for making good clinical decisions and taking constructive actions.Even a nurse's "supportive presence" can give a client a reason to hope.

Quiz 9: Self Concept in Professional Interpersonal Relationships