Question 1

A patient/client was instructed to drink 25 oz of water within 2 hours but was only able to drink 15 oz. What portion of the water remained?
A) 2/5
B) 3/5
C) 2/25
D) 25/25

Accepted Answer

Subtract the quantity of water the client drank (15 oz) from the total available quantity (25 oz): 10 oz remain. To determine the portion of the water that remains, create a fraction by dividing 10 oz (remaining portion) by 25 oz (total portion). Therefore, 10 divided by 25 = 10/25. To reduce fractions, find the largest number that can be divided evenly into the numerator and the denominator (5). Ten divided by 5 (10/5) = 2; 25/5 = 5. The fraction 10/25 can be reduced to its lowest terms of 2/5.

Question 2

A patient/client was prescribed 240 mL of Ensure by mouth as a supplement but consumed only 100 mL. What portion of the Ensure remained?
A) 5/12
B) 7/12
C) 100/240
D) 240/240

Accepted Answer

Subtract the quantity of Ensure the client consumed (100 mL) from the total available quantity (240 mL): 140 mL remain. To determine the portion of the Ensure that remains, create a fraction by dividing 140 mL (remaining portion) by 240 mL (total portion). Therefore, 140 divided by 240 = 7/12. To reduce fractions, find the largest number that can be divided evenly into the numerator and the denominator (20); 140 divided by 20 (140/20) = 7; 240/20 = 12. The fraction 140/240 can be reduced to its lowest terms of 7/12.

Question 3

A patient/client consumed 2 $1 / 4$   oz. of coffee, 2/3 oz. of ice cream, and 1 $1 / 2$    oz. of beef broth. What is the total number of ounces consumed that should be documented for the patient/client?
A) 3 3/4
B) 4 5/12
C) 4 2/3
D) 4 4/9

Accepted Answer

To find the total, convert all quantities to improper fractions: $2 \frac{1}{4} = \frac{9}{4}$, $\frac{2}{3}$, and $1 \frac{1}{2} = \frac{3}{2}$. Find a common denominator (12) and add: $\frac{27}{12} + \frac{8}{12} + \frac{18}{12} = \frac{53}{12}$, which simplifies to $4 \frac{5}{12}$.

Question 4

A coffee cup holds 180 mL. The patient/client drank 2? cups of coffee. How many milliliters would the nurse document as consumed?
A) 360
B) 420
C) 510
D) 600

Accepted Answer

The coffee cup holds 180 mL. The client drank 2? cups. To estimate the total number of milliliters consumed, multiply 180×
7/3 (2?). When a mixed number is present, change it to an improper fraction by multiplying the whole number by the denominator and then adding that total to the numerator: 2×
3 = 6 + 1 = 7/3. Therefore, 180 mL × 7/3 = 420 mL (180 ÷ 3 = 60 × 7 = 420).

Question 5

A patient/client weighed 48.52 kg on admission and now weighs 50.4 kg. How many kilograms were gained since admission?
A) 0.78
B) 0.88
C) 1.88
D) 1.98

Accepted Answer

To estimate the amount of kilograms gained, subtract weight on admission (48.52) from current weight (50.4 kg) = 1.88 kg (weight gained). To subtract decimals, decimals are stacked lined up. Starting at the far right of the stack, the numbers are subtracted. In the answer, make sure the decimal point lines up exactly with the points above it.

Question 6

A patient/client's sodium intake for one meal was 0.004 g and 0.152 g. How many grams, to the nearest hundredths, of sodium were consumed?
A) 0.15
B) 0.156
C) 0.16
D) 0.166

Accepted Answer

To add decimals, stack vertically, making sure that all of the decimal points exactly line up. Starting at the far right of the stack, add each vertical column of numbers. In the answer, make sure the decimal point lines up exactly with the points above it. To round off a decimal, the final number is dropped. Add 0.004 g + 0.152 g = 0.156 g (thousandths place) to determine the total number of grams the client consumed. When the final number (6) is 5 or greater, drop that number and increase the adjacent number (5) by 1. When you want a number rounded off to the nearest hundredth, look at the number in the thousandth place and follow the rounding off rule. Therefore, 0.156 = 0.16 g.

Question 7

A patient/client reports drinking 30% of a 16-oz bottle of orange juice. How many ounces did the patient/client drink?
A) 0.18
B) 3.2
C) 4.8
D) 5.3

Accepted Answer

Percent means "parts per hundred." Percent is a fraction, containing a variable numerator and a denominator that always equals 100. Therefore, 30% = 30/100 (fraction), 30:100 (ratio), and 0.3 (decimal). To determine the percent of the orange juice the client drank, multiply 30%×
16 oz. Using the decimal format (0.3×
16), line up the numbers on the right. Do not align the decimal points. Starting at the right, multiply each digit in the top number by each digit in the bottom number, just as is done with whole numbers. Add the products. Place the decimal point in the answer by starting at the right and moving the point the same number of places that you totaled earlier. When blank spaces are present, fill each one with a zero. The answer is 4.8 oz (0.3×
16).

Question 8

A patient/client reports drinking 45% of a 12-oz can of soda. How many ounces are documented?
A) 4.4
B) 5.7
C) 5.4
D) 4.7

Accepted Answer

Percent means "parts per hundred." Percent is a fraction, containing a variable numerator and a denominator that always equals 100. Therefore, 45% = 45/100 (fraction), 45:100 (ratio), and 0.45 (decimal). To determine the percent of the soda that the client drank, multiply 45%×
12 oz. Using the decimal format (0.45×
12), line up the numbers on the right. Do not align the decimal points. Starting at the right, multiply each digit in the top number by each digit in the bottom number, just as is done with whole numbers. Add the products. Place the decimal point in the answer by starting at the right and moving the point the same number of places that you totaled earlier. When blank spaces are present, fill each one with a zero. The answer is 5.4 oz (0.45×
12).

Question 9

A patient/client is on a 1200 mL fluid restriction for 24 hours. At breakfast and lunch, the patient/client consumed 3/5 of the fluid allowance. How many milliliters were consumed?
A) 280
B) 360
C) 540
D) 720

Accepted Answer

To estimate 3/5 of 1200 mL, set up the fraction: 3/5 × 1200/1 = 3600/5 = 720 mL. Multiply the numerators across and then multiply the denominators across. Reduce the answer to its lowest terms.

Question 10

A patient/client is on a 1500 mL fluid restriction for 24 hours. At 3 pm, the client consumed 2/3 of the fluid allowance for 24 hours. What are the maximum milliliters of fluid remaining that the patient/client can consume during the evening shift?
A) 400
B) 450
C) 500
D) 550

Accepted Answer

To estimate 2/3 of 1500 mL, multiply 2/3 × 1500. Set up the fraction: 2/3×
1500/1 = 3000/3 = 1000 mL (amount of fluid consumed in milliliters). Multiply the fraction by multiplying the numerators across and then multiplying denominators across. Reduce the answer to its lowest terms. To determine the amount of fluid left to be consumed, subtract 1000 (amount of fluid consumed) from 1500 mL (total amount of fluid for 24 hours), which equals 500 mL (maximum fluid to be administered during evening shift).

Question 11

A patient/client drank 0.375 mL of a medication that was available as 0.75 mL. List the amount of medication consumed as a fraction of the whole.
A) 1/5
B) 1/4
C) 1/3
D) 1/2

Accepted Answer

The patient/client consumed 0.375 mL of 0.75 mL of a medication. To estimate the amount consumed, as a fraction of the whole, set up the problem as division: 0.375/0.750. Clear the decimal points in both the numerator and the denominator by moving each decimal point three places to the right. Therefore, 375/750 = 0.5 (or 1/2).

Question 12

A laboratory report listed the following four results: bilirubin (0.2), creatinine (1.46), creatinine (0.09), and albumin (0.75). Identify the smallest amount.
A) 0.2
B) 1.46
C) 0.09
D) 0.75

Accepted Answer

The correct order from smallest to largest is 0.09, 0.2, 0.75, and 1.46. Size is determined by the number of places that come after the decimal point. One place is "tenths," two places is "hundredths," and three places is "thousandths." Therefore, 0.09, read as nine hundredths, is smaller than two tenths, seventy-five hundredths, and one and forty-six hundredths.

Question 13

The laboratory report included these four numbers: 0.355, 0.3, 0.03, and 0.035. Which decimal is the largest?
A) 0.3
B) 0.03
C) 0.035
D) 0.355

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence from smallest to largest is 0.355, 0.035, 0.03, and 0.3. Size is determined by the number of places that come after the decimal point. One place is "tenths," two places is "hundredths," and three places is "thousandths." Therefore, three tenths is larger than three hundredths, thirty-five thousandths, and three hundred and fifty-five thousandths.

Question 14

A patient/client's oral ibuprofen suspension dose contains 325 mg per teaspoon. A dose of 100 mg represents what percentage of this dosage?
A) 29.7
B) 30.8
C) 31.7
D) 32.8

Accepted Answer

To estimate what percent 100 mg represents of 325 mg, divide 100/325. To change a fraction into a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator. Add decimal points in the dividend and quotient as needed: 100/325 = 20/65 = 0.3076. Carry out to the thousandths place. To round off a decimal, the final number is dropped. When the final number is 5 or greater, drop the number and increase the adjacent number by 1. Therefore, 0.3076 = 0.308. Next, change a decimal to a percent by moving the decimal point two places to the right, then write the percent sign: 0.308 = 30.8%.

Question 15

A patient/client's medication contains 650 mg per ounce. What percentage of this dosage does 375 mg represent?
A) 56.7
B) 57.7
C) 59.8
D) 60.6

Accepted Answer

To estimate what percent 375 mg represents of 650 mg, divide 375/650. To change a fraction into a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator. Add decimal points in the dividend and quotient as needed: 375/650 = 15/26 = 0.5769. Carry out to the thousandths place. To round off a decimal, the final number is dropped. When the final number is 5 or greater, drop the number and increase the adjacent number by 1. Therefore, 0.5769 = 0.577. Next, change a decimal to a percent by moving the decimal point two places to the right, then write the percent sign: 0.577 = 57.7%.

Question 16

The physician prescribed 7.5 mg of a medication that is available in 5-mg tablets. How many tablets would the nurse administer?
A) $1 / 2$   
B) 1
C) 1 $1 / 2$   
D) 2

Accepted Answer

To administer a total of 7.5 mg using 5-mg tablets, the nurse would need to give 1 and a half (1.5) tablets, because 7.5 mg divided by 5 mg per tablet equals 1.5 tablets.

Question 17

The physician prescribed 5000 units of a medication that is available in 10,000 units per milliliter. How many milliliters would the nurse administer?
A) 0.5 mL
B) 1 mL
C) 1.5 mL
D) 2 mL

Accepted Answer

When the amount of drug prescribed is different from the supply, you can solve the dosage problem with proportion, either using ratios or fractions. When one of the numbers is unknown, the letter x substitutes for the missing number. Proportion (Ratios): 1 mL : 10,000 units :: x mL : 5000 units; 10,000x = 5000/10,000 = 0.5 mL. Proportion (Fractions): 1 mL/10,000 units = x/5000 units. 10,000x = 5000/10,000 = 0.5 mL.

Question 18

The physician prescribed 20 mg of a medication that is available 10 mg per 15 milliliters. How many milliliters would the nurse administer?
A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30

Accepted Answer

When the amount of drug prescribed is different from the supply, you can solve the dosage problem with proportion, either using ratios or fractions. When one of the numbers is unknown, the letter x substitutes for the missing number. Proportion (Ratios): 15 mL : 10 mg :: x mL : 20 mg; 10x = 300/10 = 30 mL. Proportion (Fractions): 15 mL/10 mg = x mL/20 mg; 10x = 300/10 = 30 mL.

Question 19

The physician prescribed 50 mg of a medication that is available as 80 mg per milliliter. How many milliliters would the nurse administer?
A) 0.16
B) 0.6
C) 1.6
D) 16

Accepted Answer

When the amount of drug prescribed is different from the supply, you can solve the dosage problem with proportion, either using ratios or fractions. When one of the numbers is unknown, the letter x substitutes for the missing number. Proportion (Ratios): 1 mL : 80 mg :: x mL : 50 mg; 80x = 50/80 = 5/8 = 0.625 mL. Round off to the nearest tenths: 0.625 mL = 0.6 mL. Proportion (Fractions): 1 mL/80 mg = x mL/50 mg; 80x = 50/80 = 5/8 = 0.625 mL = 0.6 mL. Note: 0.625 mL carried out to the hundredths = 0.63 mL; carried out to tenths = 0.6 mL.

Question 20

The physician prescribed 0.25 g of a medication that is available in 0.5-g tablets. How many tablets would the nurse give?
A) $1 / 2$   
B) 1
C) 1 $1 / 2$   
D) 2

Accepted Answer

To administer a 0.25 g dose using 0.5 g tablets, the nurse would give half a tablet, as 0.25 g is half of 0.5 g.

Quiz 1: Arithmetic Needed for Dosage

A patient/client was instructed to drink 25 oz of water within 2 hours but was only able to drink 15 oz. What portion of the water remained?

A patient/client was prescribed 240 mL of Ensure by mouth as a supplement but consumed only 100 mL. What portion of the Ensure remained?

A patient/client consumed 2 $1 / 4$ oz. of coffee, 2/3 oz. of ice cream, and 1 $1 / 2$ oz. of beef broth. What is the total number of ounces consumed that should be documented for the patient/client?

A coffee cup holds 180 mL. The patient/client drank 2? cups of coffee. How many milliliters would the nurse document as consumed?

A patient/client weighed 48.52 kg on admission and now weighs 50.4 kg. How many kilograms were gained since admission?

A patient/client's sodium intake for one meal was 0.004 g and 0.152 g. How many grams, to the nearest hundredths, of sodium were consumed?

A patient/client reports drinking 30% of a 16-oz bottle of orange juice. How many ounces did the patient/client drink?

A patient/client reports drinking 45% of a 12-oz can of soda. How many ounces are documented?

A patient/client is on a 1200 mL fluid restriction for 24 hours. At breakfast and lunch, the patient/client consumed 3/5 of the fluid allowance. How many milliliters were consumed?

A patient/client is on a 1500 mL fluid restriction for 24 hours. At 3 pm, the client consumed 2/3 of the fluid allowance for 24 hours. What are the maximum milliliters of fluid remaining that the patient/client can consume during the evening shift?

A patient/client drank 0.375 mL of a medication that was available as 0.75 mL. List the amount of medication consumed as a fraction of the whole.

A laboratory report listed the following four results: bilirubin (0.2) , creatinine (1.46) , creatinine (0.09) , and albumin (0.75) . Identify the smallest amount.

The laboratory report included these four numbers: 0.355, 0.3, 0.03, and 0.035. Which decimal is the largest?

A patient/client's oral ibuprofen suspension dose contains 325 mg per teaspoon. A dose of 100 mg represents what percentage of this dosage?

A patient/client's medication contains 650 mg per ounce. What percentage of this dosage does 375 mg represent?

The physician prescribed 7.5 mg of a medication that is available in 5-mg tablets. How many tablets would the nurse administer?

The physician prescribed 5000 units of a medication that is available in 10,000 units per milliliter. How many milliliters would the nurse administer?

The physician prescribed 20 mg of a medication that is available 10 mg per 15 milliliters. How many milliliters would the nurse administer?

The physician prescribed 50 mg of a medication that is available as 80 mg per milliliter. How many milliliters would the nurse administer?

The physician prescribed 0.25 g of a medication that is available in 0.5-g tablets. How many tablets would the nurse give?