Question 1

What are the ways the cold virus can be transmitted?

Accepted Answer

The common cold is caused by a variety of viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common culprit. These viruses can be transmitted from person to person in several ways:

1. **Airborne Respiratory Droplets**: When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, they can expel respiratory droplets containing the virus into the air. If another person inhales these droplets, they can become infected.

2. **Direct Contact**: Shaking hands or touching an infected person who has the virus on their skin, and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes can lead to infection.

3. **Indirect Contact**: The cold virus can survive on surfaces such as doorknobs, computer keyboards, mobile phones, and other objects for several hours. Touching these contaminated surfaces and then touching your face can result in transmission.

4. **Self-inoculation**: Touching a surface contaminated with the cold virus and then touching the nose or eyes can lead to self-inoculation. This is why hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of colds.

To reduce the risk of transmission, it is important to practice good respiratory etiquette, such as covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing, washing hands frequently with soap and water, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick. Additionally, disinfecting frequently touched surfaces can help prevent the spread of the virus.

Question 2

An immune system cell whose job it is to signal B cells to make antibodies is a

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells play a crucial role in the immune system by helping activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, as well as helping activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

Question 3

You have active immunity from an infection when

Accepted Answer

Active immunity occurs when your body is exposed to a pathogen and your immune system responds by producing its own antibodies to fight off the infection.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of immunizations?

Accepted Answer

Immunization schedules and recommendations are frequently updated based on new scientific evidence, disease prevalence, and the development of new vaccines.

Question 5

What do the common cold, influenza, pneumonia, H1N1, and strep throat have in common?

Accepted Answer

These diseases are all types of respiratory infections, affecting the nose, throat, and lungs. While their causes and treatments may differ, they share the common trait of impacting the respiratory system.

Question 6

People infected with H1N1 spread it to others mainly by

Accepted Answer

H1N1, also known as swine flu, is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This mode of transmission allows the virus to spread quickly from person to person, especially in close contact situations.

Question 7

Asthma is

Accepted Answer

Asthma is characterized by the constriction of the bronchial tubes, which leads to difficulty in breathing.

Question 8

Genital warts can be spread by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are primarily spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activities, not through the air.

Question 9

Syphilis occurs in _____ stages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syphilis occurs in _____ stages.
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Question 10

The most effective way to avoid infection by sexually transmitted diseases is

Accepted Answer

Abstinence from sexual activity and maintaining a mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has tested negative for STDs are the most effective strategies for avoiding sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 11

When you follow universal precautions against HIV infection, you

Accepted Answer

Universal precautions involve treating all blood and other body fluids as potentially infectious, not just those known to be infected with HIV. This approach is designed to minimize the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.

Question 12

The recommendations for maintaining cardiovascular health include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Smoking, even in moderation, is harmful to cardiovascular health. All other options are recommended for maintaining cardiovascular health.

Question 13

A new theory about heart disease is that blockage of coronary arteries may occur because of

Accepted Answer

Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development of coronary artery disease, leading to blockages. This theory suggests that the inflammatory process contributes to the buildup of plaques in the arteries, which can eventually lead to heart disease.

Question 14

The most important factor in managing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes is

Accepted Answer

Managing blood glucose levels is crucial for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes management to prevent complications and maintain overall health.

Question 15

Chronic health conditions are defined as those that are

Accepted Answer

Chronic health conditions are characterized by their persistent or recurring nature, often lasting for years or even a lifetime, affecting individuals' quality of life and requiring ongoing management.

Question 16

A pathogen that grows inside a cell is

Accepted Answer

Rickettsia are intracellular pathogens, meaning they grow inside the cells of their host. This distinguishes them from fungi, protozoa, and helminths, which can either be extracellular or have complex life cycles involving both intra- and extracellular stages.

Question 17

________ is severe head pain that is caused by dilation of blood vessels in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Migraine is characterized by severe head pain often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound. It is believed to be caused by changes in the brain, including dilation of blood vessels.

Question 18

Your skin plays a large role in immunity.

Accepted Answer

The skin acts as a physical barrier to pathogens and contains specialized cells of the immune system that can recognize and fight infections.

Question 19

Tetanus immunizations should be given at least every 10 years throughout life.

Accepted Answer

Tetanus immunizations are recommended to be given every 10 years to maintain immunity against the tetanus toxin.

Question 20

Most colds are caused by the same four or five rhinoviruses.

Accepted Answer

There are actually over 200 different viruses that can cause the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common group among them.

Quiz 11: Communicable and Chronic Diseases