Question 1

How is the counterexample method used to check for validity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the counterexample method used to...

Question 2

In enumerative induction, what is the target group? the sample? the relevant property?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In enumerative induction, what is the target...

Question 3

What is the fallacy of false dilemma? appeal to ignorance? straw man?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of false dilemma?...

Question 4

A deductive argument in which the conclusion logically follows from the premises is said to be cogent.

Accepted Answer

A deductive argument in which the conclusion logically follows from the premises is said to be valid, not cogent. Cogency applies to inductive arguments.

Question 5

An inductive argument whose premises, if true, would make the conclusion probable is said to be strong.

Accepted Answer

A strong inductive argument is one where if the premises are true, they make the conclusion more likely or probable, but do not guarantee it with certainty.

Question 6

In an inductive argument is cogent, its premises are true.

Accepted Answer

A cogent inductive argument is one where the premises are true and the argument is strong, meaning the conclusion is likely given the premises.

Question 7

An inductive argument is sound if its premises are true.

Accepted Answer

An inductive argument's soundness isn't applicable; soundness is a term used for deductive arguments, indicating that the argument is both valid and its premises are true. Inductive arguments are evaluated based on the strength of the inference from premises to conclusion, not soundness.

Question 8

Common premise indicator words include: thus, hence, therefore, and consequently.

Accepted Answer

Common premise indicator words are typically words or phrases that introduce a reason or basis for a conclusion, such as "because," "since," or "given that," rather than conclusion indicators like "thus," "hence," "therefore," and "consequently."

Question 9

A deductive argument is said to be valid if it's impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.

Accepted Answer

In a valid deductive argument, the structure of the argument is such that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true, making it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.

Question 10

Denying the consequent is a valid deductive argument form.

Accepted Answer

Denying the consequent is a form of valid deductive reasoning, known as modus tollens, which states that if P implies Q and Q is false, then P must also be false.

Question 11

Affirming the consequent is a valid deductive argument form.

Accepted Answer

Affirming the consequent is a logical fallacy in deductive reasoning where one assumes that because the consequent is true, the antecedent must also be true, which is not a valid form of argument.

Question 12

Premises are relevant if they have no bearing on the truth of the conclusion.

Accepted Answer

Premises are considered relevant when they have a direct bearing on the truth of the conclusion, meaning they support or provide evidence towards the conclusion's validity.

Question 13

A fallacious argument fails to provide a good reason for accepting a claim.

Accepted Answer

A fallacious argument is logically flawed and fails to provide a sound basis for accepting its conclusion, making it an unreliable means of supporting a claim.

Question 14

The conclusion of strong inductive argument cannot possibly be false.

Accepted Answer

In a strong inductive argument, the conclusion is probable, based on the premises, but it is not guaranteed to be true. Inductive reasoning allows for the possibility that the conclusion can be false even if the premises are true.

Quiz 2: Arguments Good, Bad, and Weird