Gadolinium-Based Contrast Material (GBCM)

Gadolinium-based contrast material (GBCM) :

A) is potentially more nephrotoxic than iodinated contrast agents in patients with moderate renal failure.
B) cannot be used in patients with mildly compromised renal function.
C) has less risk of systemic complication than iodinated contrast material in patients with advanced renal failure and acute illness.
D) can be avoided in dialysis patients by performing CTA, rather than MRA, because the renal toxicity of iodinated contrast agents is not clinically relevant in these patients.