Question 1

In the context of the evolution of language in humans, which of the following is the main assumption of the nativist view of language?

Accepted Answer

The nativist view, most famously associated with Noam Chomsky, posits that the ability to acquire language is innate, hardwired into the brain through a language acquisition device (LAD), and not solely dependent on external factors or specific language exposure.

Question 2

A test is said to have predictive validity when ________.

Accepted Answer

Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a test score can predict future outcomes or behaviors. Option C correctly describes this concept by stating that the construct (or what the test is measuring) is positively related to real-world consequences, meaning the test can accurately forecast specific outcomes.

Question 3

Gardner and Sternberg did not consider the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests to be valid measures of intelligence because ________.

Accepted Answer

Gardner and Sternberg argued that intelligence encompasses a broader range of skills beyond just verbal, spatial, and mathematical abilities, which are primarily what the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests measure. They believed in multiple intelligences (Gardner) and successful intelligence (Sternberg), which include a wider variety of skills such as emotional, social, and kinesthetic intelligence.

Question 4

Which of the following people would most likely be considered a prodigy?

Accepted Answer

Prodigies are individuals who have exceptional abilities in a specific area, such as music, at a very young age. Jamie fits this description by being extremely gifted in music despite having average intelligence overall.

Question 5

According to Gardner and Sternberg, the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests lack tests for ________ intelligence and hence are not valid measures of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes emotional intelligence, which he argues is not adequately measured by traditional IQ tests like the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence also suggests that traditional IQ tests do not fully capture the broader range of human intelligences, including the practical and creative aspects, which can be related to emotional intelligence.

Question 6

What procedure does William Stern use to determine a person's intelligence score?

Accepted Answer

William Stern proposed the concept of the intelligence quotient (IQ), which is calculated by dividing a person's mental age by their chronological age and then multiplying the result by 100.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes mental rotation?

Accepted Answer

Mental rotation refers to the cognitive ability to manipulate and rotate 2D and 3D objects in the mind's eye, imagining how an object would look if it were viewed from different angles or orientations.

Question 8

Raven's Progressive Matrices Test is a commonly used measure for ________.

Accepted Answer

Raven's Progressive Matrices Test is designed to measure fluid intelligence, which refers to the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.

Question 9

Identify an accurate statement about theKaufman-Assessment Battery for Children or K-ABC.

Accepted Answer

The Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) is designed to adapt to the developmental stages of children, including different kinds of problems suitable for different ages, reflecting its sensitivity to developmental variations in cognitive processing.

Question 10

Everyday Fresh is a retail outlet that sells its products at a discounted rate. It expands its product base to a new division that primarily sells stationery. Jason buys a set of pencils and erasers and assumes that these products must have a discount too. This kind of reasoning is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Everyday Fresh is a retail outlet that...

Question 11

Pauline was born with a chromosomal disorder. She was diagnosed to have three rather than two number 21 chromosomes. She also suffered from learning disabilities. Her intellectual disability is a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

Pauline's condition, characterized by having three copies of chromosome 21, is known as Down syndrome. This chromosomal disorder is the cause of her learning and intellectual disabilities.

Question 12

________ is the ability to reason and solve problems by carrying out mathematical operations and by using logic.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve problems specifically through the use of mathematical operations and logical thinking.

Question 13

Nancy is a 4-month-old infant who utters repeated vowel sounds such as "aah" and "ooh." Until 6 months of age, her speech consists almost exclusively of vowels. Nancy is said to be in the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

Nancy is in the cooing stage of language development, which typically occurs from birth to about 6 months, where infants produce vowel-like sounds.

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes linguistic determinism hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The linguistic determinism hypothesis, often associated with the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, suggests that the language we speak fundamentally shapes our experiences of the world, influencing our thought processes and perceptions.

Question 15

How does human intelligence change across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does human intelligence change across the...

Question 16

What happens when people develop mental sets?

Accepted Answer

Mental sets involve persisting in approaching problems in a way that has worked in the past, which can sometimes prevent seeing alternative solutions.

Question 17

________ consists of visual representations created by the brain after the original stimulus is no longer present.

Accepted Answer

Visual imagery refers to the process of creating visual representations in the mind in the absence of the actual visual stimulus. This involves recalling or imagining scenes, objects, or events visually.

Question 18

________ is defined as a strategy used to estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event.

Accepted Answer

The representativeness heuristic is a mental shortcut that involves estimating the likelihood of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype that already exists in our minds. It's a strategy used to judge the probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical case.

Question 19

Which of the following facts is true about the interconnectedness of nature and nurture in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The more genetically related individuals are, the more their intelligence (IQ) scores tend to be similar, even if they are raised in different environments. This supports the significant role of genetics in determining intelligence.

Question 20

In the context of intelligence tests, theKaufman-Assessment Battery for Children or K-ABC differed from the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests in that theK-ABC ________.

Accepted Answer

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) is unique among intelligence tests in that it was designed to assess different types of learning styles, rather than focusing solely on traditional measures of intelligence. This approach reflects a broader understanding of intelligence, recognizing that individuals may demonstrate their cognitive abilities in various ways.

Quiz 9: Language, Thought, and Intelligence