Question 1

________ is the sex hormone that initiates the growth of breasts, widening of hips, and increase in body fat in girls.

Accepted Answer

Estradiol, a form of estrogen, is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast growth, widening of hips, and an increase in body fat distribution in girls.

Question 2

Erik Erikson defined ________ as the creation of new ideas, products, or people.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson defined generativity as the creation of new ideas, products, or people, which typically occurs during middle adulthood. It involves a concern for establishing and guiding the next generation.

Question 3

Identify an accurate statement about fluid intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. It involves reasoning, pattern recognition, and abstract thinking, which are not significantly influenced by culture, education, or vocabulary.

Question 4

According to Erik Erikson's theory of personality development, the core strength of old age is ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the core strength of old age (maturity, during the "Ego Integrity vs. Despair" stage) is wisdom. This stage reflects on life accomplishments and the development of wisdom as a result of successfully resolving previous life stages' crises.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The brain in late adulthood does not change as rapidly as in younger years, but it continues to be dynamic, showing adaptability and potential for new neural connections, albeit at a slower pace.

Question 6

According to Piaget, children acquire the ability to conserve during the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Children acquire the ability to conserve during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11.

Question 7

According to Kohlberg, postconventional moral reasoning is based on ________.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by an individual's recognition and adherence to universal moral principles that are seen as more important than the laws of any particular society. At this level, individuals make moral decisions based on principles such as justice, dignity, and equality, rather than on societal rules or expectations.

Question 8

According to the research conducted by Atkin et al. in 2014 and Vik et al. in 2013, heavy amounts of video gaming-but not TV viewing-are associated with being ________ in children.

Accepted Answer

The research by Atkin et al. (2014) and Vik et al. (2013) found a correlation between heavy video gaming and increased likelihood of being overweight in children, highlighting the sedentary nature of gaming as a contributing factor.

Question 9

According to Piaget, children move into the ________ stage of cognitive development at around age two and this period lasts until about age five or six.

Accepted Answer

According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children enter the preoperational stage at around age two, and this stage lasts until about age five or six. This stage is characterized by the development of language and imagination, but thinking is still intuitive and egocentric.

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary problem of adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The primary problem of adolescence is that physical maturity, including sexual reproduction capability, occurs before psychological or emotional maturity. This discrepancy can lead to various issues, as adolescents may not be mentally or emotionally prepared for the responsibilities and consequences of parenthood. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they either misrepresent developmental abilities (A and C) or inaccurately describe biological events (D, as menarche occurs in girls, not boys).

Question 11

Veronica is four years old. She uses words and symbols to represent ideas. She also thinks that inanimate objects, such as stones and rivers, have life. According to Jean Piaget, Veronica is at the ________ of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Veronica is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget. This stage typically occurs from ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the use of symbols to represent objects and the belief in animism, where inanimate objects are thought to have life and consciousness.

Question 12

One cognitive benefit of aging is ________, the ability to live well, know what is important, and use good judgment.

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is the cognitive benefit associated with aging, characterized by the ability to live well, understand what is important, and exercise good judgment.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

The only definitive way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease is by examining brain tissue post-mortem. This allows for the observation of the characteristic plaques and tangles that define the disease.

Question 14

________ accounts for 60-70 percent of the cases of dementia among the elderly.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia among older adults, accounting for 60-70 percent of cases.

Question 15

Which of the following reactions displayed by a fetus indicates fear or distress?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate is a common physiological response to stress or fear, including in fetuses. This response is part of the body's fight-or-flight mechanism, which prepares the body to either face a threat or escape from it.

Question 16

During the development of a fetus, the ________ develops about a week after the brain.

Accepted Answer

The heart begins to develop and beat in a fetus shortly after the brain starts to form, typically around 3 weeks after fertilization, making it one of the earliest organs to develop.

Question 17

Which of the following fetal reactions indicates attention, interest, or orienting response on the part of the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A slowed heart rate in fetuses is often interpreted as a sign of attention or an orienting response, indicating that the fetus is focusing on or reacting to a stimulus.

Question 18

With reference to the strange-situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, ________ infants cannot be comforted by the mother on reunion and show difficulty in returning to play.

Accepted Answer

Insecure-resistant infants show difficulty in being comforted by the mother upon reunion and have trouble returning to play, indicating ambivalence in their attachment behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to reduce cognitive decline with aging?

Accepted Answer

Exercising has been shown to reduce cognitive decline with aging by improving blood flow to the brain, reducing inflammation, and stimulating the production of growth factors that support the health and function of brain cells.

Question 20

In the context of the strange-situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth and her associates, identify an accurate statement about insecure-avoidant infants.

Accepted Answer

Insecure-avoidant infants tend to show little to no distress when separated from their caregiver, indicating a superficial independence. However, physiological measures suggest they are under stress despite the lack of visible distress.

Quiz 5: Human Development