Question 1

Who among the following coined the term "psychophysics"?

Accepted Answer

Gustav Fechner is credited with coining the term "psychophysics," which refers to the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.

Question 2

The industrial side of industrial/organizational psychology ________.

Accepted Answer

The industrial side of industrial/organizational psychology focuses on matching employees to their jobs and uses psychological principles and methods to select employees and evaluate job performance.

Question 3

Which of the following questions is most likely to be discussed by a developmental psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists focus on how people grow and change throughout their lives, including the impact of early relationships on later life stages. The question about parent-infant bonding and its effect on adult relationships falls directly within this area of study.

Question 4

_________ seeks to understand people in terms of large-scale social forces and with a focus on groups rather than individuals.

Accepted Answer

Sociology is the study of society and social behavior, focusing on groups, institutions, and patterns of social relationships, rather than on individual psychological processes.

Question 5

Giovanni conducts research on prejudice and racism to understand how people of one group perceive and treat people in other groups. This indicates that Giovanni is most likely a student of ________.

Accepted Answer

Giovanni's research on prejudice and racism, focusing on perceptions and treatment of people from different groups, aligns with social psychology. Social psychology studies how individuals think about, influence, and relate to one another, including topics like prejudice and intergroup relations.

Question 6

To compare psychophysics and physics, if physicists study the physical properties of light and sound, psychophysicists study ________.

Accepted Answer

Psychophysicists focus on how humans perceive sensory stimuli, including light and sound, rather than their physical properties or sources.

Question 7

In the context of psychological perspectives, identify a statement that is true according to the behaviorism-learning perspective.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism, as a learning perspective, emphasizes that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which occurs through interaction with the environment. This perspective focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they're learned, rather than on cognitive or emotional processes that cannot be seen. Reinforcement and punishment are key concepts in behaviorism for understanding how behaviors are learned and modified.

Question 8

Topics in ________ range from studies of how stress is linked to illness and immune function to studies on the role of social factors in how people interact with health care professionals.

Accepted Answer

Health psychology specifically focuses on how biological, psychological, and social factors influence health and illness. This includes the study of stress, the immune system, and interactions with healthcare professionals.

Question 9

In the context of the history of psychology, which of the following is true of the Frenchman Philippe Pinel?

Accepted Answer

Philippe Pinel is best known for advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is often credited with beginning the more compassionate approach to the care of the psychiatric patients, moving away from the harsh treatments that were common at the time.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the clinically based approach of psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis posits that individuals employ psychological defenses to shield themselves from threatening impulses and thoughts, which is a core concept of this approach.

Question 11

Gregory was an outgoing 15-year-old. He was extremely popular at school and had an active social life. He had several friends and took part in several events. He was also very fond of social media and regularly interacted with people on Facebook. Understanding Gregory's outgoing nature would be of primary interest to a ________.

Accepted Answer

A personality psychologist would be interested in understanding Gregory's outgoing nature, as it relates to his personality traits and how they influence his behavior and interactions.

Question 12

In the context of psychological perspectives, which of the following was the focus of the psychoanalytic-psychodynamic perspective?

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic-psychodynamic perspective, founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the impact of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives, and conflicts, as well as the importance of relationships with parents in the development of personality.

Question 13

_________ can diagnose disorders of technology use but also use the same technologies to help treat people with various kinds of disorders.

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists are trained to diagnose and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They can use technology both to diagnose disorders related to technology use (such as internet addiction) and to treat various disorders through teletherapy, online interventions, and other digital tools.

Question 14

Which of the following terms is defined as the position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who people are and what they do?

Accepted Answer

The term "nature through nurture" refers to the concept that the environment (nurture) and biological factors (nature) interact to shape individuals' behaviors, personalities, and traits. This perspective emphasizes that genetic predispositions and environmental influences work together in the development of individuals.

Question 15

In the context of psychological perspectives, which of the following is true of the evolutionary perspective?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective in psychology suggests that human behavior is influenced by evolutionary processes such as natural and sexual selection. This perspective argues that many human psychological traits are adaptive in nature, having evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments.

Question 16

Dr. Hughes conducts laboratory studies of the thought processes involved in problem solving. Which of the following types of psychologists is she most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Hughes is most likely to be a cognitive psychologist because cognitive psychology focuses on studying mental processes, including problem solving, memory, perception, and language.

Question 17

Which of the following psychological perspectives makes the assumption that the reason some people have different traits, dispositions, and ways of thinking stem from differences in their genotype and central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The neuropsychological-behavioral genetic perspective focuses on how genetic factors and the central nervous system influence individual differences in behavior, cognition, and emotion. This perspective assumes that variations in genotype and the functioning of the brain and nervous system underlie differences in psychological traits and dispositions.

Question 18

Psychoanalysis assumes that the unconscious blocking, or repression, of disturbing thoughts and impulses-especially _________-is at the heart of all maladaptive adult behavior.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis, particularly as developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the repression of sexual and aggressive impulses as central to understanding maladaptive adult behavior. These impulses are believed to be repressed into the unconscious due to their unacceptable nature in society.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin?

Accepted Answer

Emil Kraepelin is renowned for distinguishing between what he termed dementia praecox (now known as schizophrenia) and manic depression (now known as bipolar disorder), effectively differentiating thought disorders from mood disorders.

Question 20

Which of the following subdisciplines of psychology attempts to understand special populations of students, such as the academically gifted and those with special needs?

Accepted Answer

Educational psychology focuses on how people learn, including special populations such as the academically gifted and those with special needs, making it the correct answer.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology