Question 1

What are the deleterious effects of anabolic steroids on males and females?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic steroids can have several deleterious effects on both males and females. In males, these effects can include reduced sperm production, shrinking of the testicles, development of breasts, and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Additionally, anabolic steroid use can lead to baldness, severe acne, and an increased risk of liver and heart disease.

In females, anabolic steroid use can lead to the development of masculine characteristics such as a deepened voice, increased body hair, and male-pattern baldness. It can also disrupt the menstrual cycle and lead to infertility. Both males and females who use anabolic steroids are also at risk of experiencing mood swings, aggression, and other psychiatric effects.

Overall, the use of anabolic steroids can have serious and potentially irreversible effects on the reproductive, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems in both males and females. It is important to be aware of these risks and to seek alternative, safer methods for achieving athletic or aesthetic goals.

Question 2

Why would an athlete consider blood doping? What are the risks associated with transfusing blood and related blood products?

Accepted Answer

An athlete might consider blood doping as a means to enhance their athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports. Blood doping is the practice of increasing the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream, which can improve the delivery of oxygen to muscles, thereby increasing stamina and performance.

There are several methods of blood doping, including:

1. Erythropoietin (EPO) injections: EPO is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. Synthetic versions can be injected to boost red blood cell counts.
2. Blood transfusions: An athlete can receive transfusions of their own blood (autologous transfusion) or someone else's blood (homologous transfusion) to increase red blood cell mass.
3. Artificial oxygen carriers: These are chemicals or engineered products that can carry oxygen in the bloodstream.

While blood doping can provide a competitive edge, it comes with significant risks and ethical concerns:

1. Blood clots: Increased red blood cell counts can lead to thicker blood, which can cause clots. These clots can lead to strokes, heart attacks, or pulmonary embolism.
2. Heart problems: The heart has to work harder to pump the thicker blood, which can lead to hypertension and potentially heart failure.
3. Infectious diseases: With homologous transfusions, there is a risk of contracting blood-borne diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C if the blood is not properly screened.
4. Immune reactions: If the blood used in a transfusion is not properly matched, the body may recognize it as foreign and mount an immune response, which can be dangerous.
5. Overload of the circulatory system: An excessive increase in blood volume can lead to circulatory overload and heart failure.
6. Kidney damage: High levels of hemoglobin can damage the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste from the blood.
7. Rejection of foreign blood: In the case of homologous transfusions, there is a risk of the body rejecting the foreign blood cells, which can lead to serious complications.

Additionally, blood doping is considered unethical and is banned by most sports organizations, including the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Athletes caught blood doping face severe penalties, including disqualification, suspension, and damage to their reputation.

In summary, while blood doping may offer a temporary improvement in athletic performance, the health risks and ethical violations make it a dangerous and unacceptable practice in sports.

Question 3

Narcotic analgesics are most likely used for _____.
A) increasing blood volume and red blood cells
B) decreasing body fat percentage
C) treating hypertension
D) managing moderate to severe pain

Accepted Answer

Narcotic analgesics, also known as opioids, are primarily used for their pain-relieving properties, making them effective in managing moderate to severe pain.

Question 4

In sports, which of the following has been used by athletes who require steadiness and whose signs of nervousness must be in control while engaging in sports such as target shooting, sailing, archery, fencing, ski jumping, and luge?
A) Corticosteroids
B) Narcotic analgesics
C) Enzymes
D) Beta blockers

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers are used by athletes in sports requiring steadiness because they can reduce tremors and control signs of nervousness by blocking the effects of adrenaline.

Question 5

Which of the following is a dangerous opioid drug that can be injected, smoked, sniffed, or snorted, is highly addictive, and overdoses can produce life-threatening reactions where the user stops breathing, too often resulting in death?
A) Corticotropin
B) Heroin
C) Ecstasy
D) Cocaine

Accepted Answer

Heroin is a dangerous opioid drug that can be injected, smoked, sniffed, or snorted. It is highly addictive, and overdoses can lead to life-threatening reactions, including respiratory failure, often resulting in death.

Question 6

Which of the following isNOT a risk associated with transfusing blood and related blood products?
A) Kidney damage
B) Viral hepatitis
C) Fever
D) Circulation collapse

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following isNOT a risk...

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of androstenedione?
A) It is used for a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in which elimination of fluids from tissues is necessary.
B) It has been used in humans to produce transient increases in testosterone in males and particularly in females.
C) It has been used in humans to produce lax muscles and ligaments during rapid growth phases.
D) It is primarily used to increase muscle mass, skin thickness, connective tissues in muscle, and organ weight.

Accepted Answer

Androstenedione has been used in humans to produce transient increases in testosterone levels in both males and females. This effect is due to its role as a precursor in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogen.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of human growth hormone?
A) It is produced by the pituitary gland.
B) It is easily detected in urine.
C) It increases body fat percentage.
D) It is likely to cause hirsutism.

Accepted Answer

Human growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, which plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, and body composition.

Question 9

Which of the following is a condition that produces elongation and enlargement of bones of the extremities and thickening of bones and soft tissues of the face?
A) Gynecomastia
B) Hirsutism
C) Marfan's syndrome
D) Acromegaly

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is a condition caused by excessive production of growth hormone in adults, typically due to a benign tumor on the pituitary gland. This leads to the enlargement of bones in the extremities, face, and other parts of the body.

Question 10

Which of the following has become the most widely abused prescription drug and is used to treat moderate to severe pain by altering the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain?
A) Atorvastatin
B) OxyContin
C) Androstenedione
D) Metformin

Accepted Answer

OxyContin, a brand name for oxycodone, is a powerful opioid pain medication that has become widely abused due to its potent effects on the brain and nervous system, which can lead to addiction.

Question 11

Anabolic steroids have anti-inflammatory capabilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anabolic steroids have anti-inflammatory capabilities....

Question 12

Narcotic analgesic drugs are derived directly or indirectly from opium.

Accepted Answer

Narcotic analgesic drugs, such as morphine and codeine, are derived directly from opium, while others like oxycodone are synthesized but still related to opium's natural alkaloids.

Question 13

In females, the deleterious effects of anabolic steroids are baldness, increased facial hair, and decreased breast size.

Accepted Answer

Anabolic steroids can cause virilization in females, which includes symptoms such as baldness, increased facial hair, and decreased breast size, among other effects.

Question 14

Not only is the use of blood reinjection in competition unethical, but when conducted by nonmedical personnel, it could prove dangerous.

Accepted Answer

Blood reinjection, or blood doping, can increase performance but poses significant health risks, especially when done by individuals without medical training, leading to complications such as infections or blood clots.

Question 15

Amphetamines, caffeine, and cocaine are the stimulant drugs most commonly used in sports.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines, caffeine, and cocaine are indeed among the most commonly used stimulant drugs in sports due to their ability to increase alertness, energy, and endurance.

Question 16

Alcohol is banned by both the NCAA and the USADA.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is banned by both the NCAA and the USADA because it is a performance-enhancing drug that can give athletes an unfair advantage.

Question 17

Sports participants have misused diuretics either to reduce body weight quickly or to decrease a drug's concentration in the urine.

Accepted Answer

Diuretics are often misused by athletes and sports participants to rapidly lose weight, which can be advantageous in sports with weight classes, or to dilute their urine, making it harder to detect the presence of performance-enhancing drugs or other banned substances.

Question 18

Abuse of anabolic steroids may lead to liver tumors and cancer, heart disease, and hypertension.

Accepted Answer

Anabolic steroids can have several harmful effects on the body, including the potential to cause liver tumors and cancer, heart disease, and hypertension due to their impact on various bodily systems and organs.

Quiz 24: Substance Abuse

What are the deleterious effects of anabolic steroids on males and females?

Why would an athlete consider blood doping? What are the risks associated with transfusing blood and related blood products?

Narcotic analgesics are most likely used for _____.

In sports, which of the following has been used by athletes who require steadiness and whose signs of nervousness must be in control while engaging in sports such as target shooting, sailing, archery, fencing, ski jumping, and luge?

Which of the following is a dangerous opioid drug that can be injected, smoked, sniffed, or snorted, is highly addictive, and overdoses can produce life-threatening reactions where the user stops breathing, too often resulting in death?

Which of the following isNOT a risk associated with transfusing blood and related blood products?

Which of the following statements is true of androstenedione?

Which of the following statements is true of human growth hormone?

Which of the following is a condition that produces elongation and enlargement of bones of the extremities and thickening of bones and soft tissues of the face?

Which of the following has become the most widely abused prescription drug and is used to treat moderate to severe pain by altering the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain?