Amino Acid Synthesis Is Possible by Allexcept One of the Pathways

Amino acid synthesis is possible by allexcept one of the pathways listed. Which isnot a synthetic pathway for amino acids?

A) S_N2 reaction using an a-halo carboxylic acid with ammonia as the nucleophile
B) Reaction of NH₄Cl and NaCN with an aldehyde followed by an acidic work-up
C) Nucleophilic addition of NH₃ to an aldehyde followed by addition of cyanide to the imine, and, finally, hydrolysis
D) Amination of malonic ester followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation