Question 1

Please check all factors that impede healing.
A) Air temperature
B) Keloids
C) Nutrition
D) Sport that the individual participates in
E) Edema
F) Stitches
G) Hypertrophy
H) Muscle spasm
I) Infection
J) Dehydration

Accepted Answer

B, C, E, H, I

Question 2

Select the correct roles nutrients have in the human body.
A) Nutrients store water for the body.
B) Nutrients assist in the regulation of body processes.
C) Nutrients are important in the role of tissue repair.
D) Nutrients trigger cell growth.
E) Nutrients are an efficient source of energy for the body.

Accepted Answer

Nutrients help regulate body processes, are crucial for tissue repair, and provide energy.

Question 3

Select ONLY the correct elements that make up the extracellular matrix.
A) Glycosaminoglycans
B) Capillaries
C) Ground substance
D) Lymphocytes
E) Macrophages
F) Collagen

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix is composed of glycosaminoglycans, ground substance, and collagen. These elements provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. Capillaries, lymphocytes, and macrophages are not components of the extracellular matrix; they are part of the circulatory and immune systems, respectively.

Question 4

Which of the following time periods accurately portrays the typical duration of the fibroblastic repair phase?
A) From time of injury to 4 days
B) From 4 days to 3 weeks
C) From 4 days to 6 weeks
D) From 4 weeks to 2 years
E) From 6 weeks to 2 years

Accepted Answer

The fibroblastic repair phase typically occurs from 4 days to 6 weeks after injury. This phase involves the replacement of damaged tissue with collagen and other cells to begin the healing process.

Question 5

The terms rubor, dolar, and calor are often associated with which of the following?
A) Maturation-Remodeling phase of healing
B) Inflammatory Response phase of healing
C) Fibroblastic Repair phase of healing
D) Formation of a clot
E) Cartilage healing

Accepted Answer

Rubor (redness), dolor (pain), and calor (heat) are classic signs associated with the inflammatory response phase of healing. These symptoms are indicative of the body's initial reaction to injury, involving increased blood flow and immune activity in the affected area.

Question 6

Which of the following is classified as a chemical mediator that is released from the mast cell and causese vasodilation and increased cell permeability?
A) Cytokines
B) Leukotrienes
C) Prothrombin
D) Histamine
E) Fibrinogen

Accepted Answer

Histamine is a chemical mediator released from mast cells that causes vasodilation and increased cell permeability, playing a key role in inflammatory responses.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding collagen in the body is true?
A) Type III collagen is found in the humerus
B) Type II collagen is found at the end of the femur
C) Type I collagen is found in the intervertebral discs
D) Type II collagen is found in the sciatic nerve
E) Type III collagen is found in the Achilles tendon

Accepted Answer

Type II collagen is primarily found in cartilage, including at the ends of long bones such as the femur, where it helps to provide a smooth, gliding surface for joints.

Question 8

Which of the statements regarding soft tissue is correct?
A) Epithelial tissue consists of muscle and fat
B) Connective tissue consists of skin
C) Muscle consists of smooth, cardiac, or skeletal
D) Nervous tissue consists only in the brain
E) Certain bones can be classified as soft tissue

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue is correctly classified into three types: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Each type has distinct characteristics and functions within the body.

Question 9

You are working with an individual who has had an anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction. Which of the following statements is true regarding ligament healing?
A) Immobilized ligaments are weaker than those that are exercised
B) Tensile strength of ligaments is increased in individuals that are immobilized
C) The insertion of the ligament to the bone is stronger in individuals that are immobilized
D) Surgically repaired ligaments are weaker than unrepaired ligaments
E) With an intraarticular ligament tear the synovial fluid assists in forming a fibrin clot

Accepted Answer

Immobilized ligaments tend to be weaker than those that are exercised because exercise promotes better blood flow and tissue remodeling, which are crucial for ligament healing and strengthening.

Question 10

What is an inappropriate method to modify soft-tissue healing?
A) NSAIDs
B) Therapeutic massage
C) Cold and heat application
D) Regular participation with physical activities
E) Therapeutic rehabilitation exercises

Accepted Answer

Regular participation in physical activities without proper guidance or rest can hinder soft-tissue healing rather than aid it.

Question 11

How could soft tissue interfere with the healing process of an acute fracture?
A) It can increase the risk of infection.
B) It can position itself between the severed ends of the bone and prevent proper union.
C) It can hasten an adequate blood supply to the fracture area.
D) It can permit motion between the bone parts.
E) It can cause bone degeneration.

Accepted Answer

Soft tissue can become interposed between the fractured bone ends, preventing proper alignment and union, which can interfere with the healing process.

Question 12

Which of the following types of pain is incorrectly labeled as a type of referred pain?
A) Chronic pain
B) Trigger point pain
C) Myofascial pain
D) Sclerotomic pain
E) Dermatomic pain

Accepted Answer

Chronic pain is not a type of referred pain. Referred pain is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus, while chronic pain is defined by its duration, persisting for longer than the normal healing process.

Question 13

From the following, which is an incorrect statement about nociceptors and neural transmission?
A) First-order neurons are A?, A?, A?, and C fibers.
B) A? and A? are large-diameter afferents.
C) A? and C fibers are small-diameter afferents.
D) A? and C fibers transmit pain and temperature.
E) Second-order efferent fibers carry sensory messages from the dorsal horn to the brain.

Accepted Answer

Second-order neurons, not efferent fibers, carry sensory messages from the dorsal horn to the brain. Efferent fibers are involved in motor responses, not sensory transmission.

Question 14

What are the following: norepinephrine, substance P, serotonin, enkephalin, ?-endorphin?
A) Neurons
B) Nociceptors
C) Neurotransmitters
D) Inhibitors
E) Receptors

Accepted Answer

These are all examples of neurotransmitters, which are chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.

Question 15

When applying the gate control theory of pain control, which afferent fibers are trying to override, or inhibit, the "pain information"?
A) A? fibers
B) A? fibers
C) A? fibers
D) C fibers
E) Serotonin

Accepted Answer

The answer of When applying the gate control theory of...

Question 16

When applying the central biasing model of pain control, what statement can be correctly referenced?
A) A? and C fibers are trying to override the second-order level neurons to block pain.
B) A? and A? fibers become efferent fibers and to assist with inhibiting the pain information to reach the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
C) Noxious stimulation of nociceptors stimulate the release of opiate-like chemicals to block the pain.
D) Previous experiences influence the perception of pain along efferent descending pathways causing neurotransmitters to be released to block pain.
E) Second-order afferent fibers block off the pathways of the A? and A? fibers before reaching the second-order afferent neurons.

Accepted Answer

The central biasing model of pain control suggests that the brain can influence the perception of pain through descending pathways. This involves the modulation of pain signals by factors such as previous experiences, which can lead to the release of neurotransmitters that inhibit pain transmission.

Question 17

When applying the ?-endorphin model of pain control, at what level of the central nervous system are ?-endorphins released?
A) First-order neurons
B) Second-order neurons
C) Dorsal horn of spinal cord
D) Substantia gelatinosa
E) Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

?-endorphins are released in the hypothalamus, which is part of the central nervous system involved in pain control and modulation.

Question 18

What pain scale would be the most appropriate to use in a high school athletic training room?
A) McGill Pain Questionnaire
B) Activity Pain Indicators Profile
C) Numeric Rating Scale
D) Pain Charts
E) Visual Analogue Scale

Accepted Answer

The Numeric Rating Scale is simple, quick, and easy for high school students to understand and use, making it appropriate for an athletic training room setting.

Question 19

Based on the figure, what is occurring during this process of the inflammatory response phase? 
A) Epithelium is regenerating.
B) Granulation of tissue is forming.
C) Blood is leaking into deeper tissues.
D) Leukocytes are cleaning the wound.
E) Clot formation is finalizing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the figure, what is occurring...

Quiz 10: Tissue Response to Injury

Please check all factors that impede healing.

Select the correct roles nutrients have in the human body.

Select ONLY the correct elements that make up the extracellular matrix.

Which of the following time periods accurately portrays the typical duration of the fibroblastic repair phase?

The terms rubor, dolar, and calor are often associated with which of the following?

Which of the following is classified as a chemical mediator that is released from the mast cell and causese vasodilation and increased cell permeability?

Which of the following statements regarding collagen in the body is true?

Which of the statements regarding soft tissue is correct?

You are working with an individual who has had an anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction. Which of the following statements is true regarding ligament healing?

What is an inappropriate method to modify soft-tissue healing?

How could soft tissue interfere with the healing process of an acute fracture?

Which of the following types of pain is incorrectly labeled as a type of referred pain?

From the following, which is an incorrect statement about nociceptors and neural transmission?

What are the following: norepinephrine, substance P, serotonin, enkephalin, ?-endorphin?

When applying the gate control theory of pain control, which afferent fibers are trying to override, or inhibit, the "pain information"?

When applying the central biasing model of pain control, what statement can be correctly referenced?

When applying the ?-endorphin model of pain control, at what level of the central nervous system are ?-endorphins released?

What pain scale would be the most appropriate to use in a high school athletic training room?

Based on the figure, what is occurring during this process of the inflammatory response phase?