Question 1

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, activating the body during arousal or stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies.

Question 2

The James-Lange theory postulated that the emotional experience ______.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, we feel emotion because of the interpretation of bodily reactions to stimuli; for example, we feel sad because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble, etc.

Question 3

Who first demonstrated that the physical act of manipulating facial muscles to make certain expressions produced the corresponding emotions in the those individuals?

Accepted Answer

Eckman was the researcher who demonstrated that the act of manipulating facial muscles to make certain expressions can produce the corresponding emotions in individuals. This is part of the facial feedback hypothesis.

Question 4

The view that feedback from others, observing another person's emotional expressions, activates emotional areas in our own brains is mediated by what?

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are responsible for this phenomenon, as they fire both when an individual acts and when the individual observes the same action performed by another. This mirroring process enables the observer to "simulate" the emotional experience of the other person, thus playing a crucial role in empathy and understanding others' emotions.

Question 5

Stress causes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Stress typically leads to an increased heart rate as part of the body's "fight or flight" response, not a decrease. Choices A, B, and C are all effects of stress on the body.

Question 6

When college students were instructed to assume specific facial expressions, they ______.

Accepted Answer

Studies in psychology have shown that facial expressions can influence emotions, a phenomenon known as the facial feedback hypothesis. When people are asked to adopt certain facial expressions, they often report feeling emotions that match those expressions, even if the emotions were not initially present.

Question 7

Some individuals have a low-functioning version of the NPY gene that codes for the production of neuropeptide Y. What is special about these individuals' behavior?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a low-functioning version of the NPY gene show increased brain activity in response to negative stimuli, which can affect their emotional and stress responses.

Question 8

What pain reliever might you expect to have some ability to dampen emotion?

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) has been shown in studies to not only relieve physical pain but also to reduce emotional pain and dampen emotional reactions. This effect is unique among over-the-counter pain relievers and is not typically associated with aspirin, ibuprofen, or codeine.

Question 9

How do people with damage to the ventromedial cortex in the frontal lobe respond on a gambling card task?

Accepted Answer

People with damage to the ventromedial cortex often struggle with decision-making and risk assessment, leading them to continue making risky choices despite negative outcomes, unlike control subjects who learn to choose safer options.

Question 10

Stimulation of the hypothalamus in epileptic patients produced all of these EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of the hypothalamus in epileptic patients can produce various sensations and emotional states, including feelings of a pounding heart, fear, and pleasure, but it does not typically induce feelings of fatigue and sleep. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating emotions, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system, but direct stimulation leading to fatigue and sleep is not a common outcome.

Question 11

Which of the following behaviors do you think would impair the ability to recognize emotions, like happiness and disgust, of a speaker?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following behaviors do you...

Question 12

If I were to have you make a sad face and then rate your perceptions to a painful stimulus, making a sad face would do what to your pain perceptions (versus making a happy or neutral face)?

Accepted Answer

Facial feedback hypothesis suggests that expressions can influence emotional experiences. Making a sad face can intensify negative emotions, potentially making a painful stimulus feel more intense compared to making a happy or neutral face.

Question 13

Generally stress is positive and adaptive, but all of the following are negative consequences from stress EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood pressure is not typically a negative consequence of stress. In fact, stress often leads to increased blood pressure as part of the body's natural fight-or-flight response.

Question 14

All of the following are examples of how genes interact with the environment with regards to negative effects of stress EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Options A, B, and D all illustrate the interaction between genetic predispositions or personality traits (which can have a genetic component) and environmental stressors, affecting health outcomes. Option C, however, does not describe a gene-environment interaction related to stress but rather suggests a social or familial role effect without a clear link to genetic factors or stress response.

Question 15

In pain sensitivity disorders, what is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In pain sensitivity disorders, what is true?
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Question 16

If you were looking to identify the primary neural instigator of aggression, which structure would you choose?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were looking to identify the...

Question 17

What structure that is involved with risky behavior is also likely involved with aggression?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, impulse control, and moderating social behavior. Dysfunction or underdevelopment in this area can lead to increased risky behavior and aggression.

Question 18

In understanding hemispheric specialization, the ______ frontal area is more active when a person is experiencing ______ emotions.

Accepted Answer

The left frontal area of the brain is more active when a person is experiencing positive emotions, reflecting the hemispheric specialization for different types of emotional processing.

Question 19

Individuals who have damage to ______ make very poor, risky decisions in gambling.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with damage to the prefrontal cortex often exhibit poor judgment and make risky decisions, including in gambling scenarios. This area of the brain is crucial for decision-making, impulse control, and moderating social behavior.

Question 20

Lesioning the ______ might be expected to alter attention, cognitive processing, emotion, and possibly consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in attention, cognitive processing, emotion regulation, and aspects of consciousness. Lesioning it could affect these functions.

Quiz 8: Emotion and Health