Question 1

The nursing student is preparing a presentation for a class project which is designed to compare the leading causes of death in the United States for the past 200 years. Which cause should the student point out was a leading cause in 1900?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

The nursing assistant instructor has completed a session exploring the various facts of pulmonary tuberculosis. The instructor will determine the class is successful after the students correctly choose which individual is given credit for initially providing details about the disease?

Accepted Answer

Aretaeus the Cappadocian is credited with providing early detailed descriptions of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Question 3

A couple of nursing students are creating a poster depicting the history of epidemiology. Which individual should the students point out is created for being the first epidemiologist?

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates of Cos is often credited as the first epidemiologist because he attempted to explain disease occurrence from a rational rather than a supernatural viewpoint, emphasizing environmental and lifestyle factors.

Question 4

The nursing student is examining a table which compares the nursing process to the epidemiologic process. Which activity will the student discover is similar to the diagnostic phase of the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

The diagnostic phase of the nursing process involves gathering data, identifying problems, and formulating a hypothesis. Choice D, "A tentative hypothesis is formulated," is similar to this phase because it involves making a tentative diagnosis based on the data gathered.

Question 5

A nursing student is creating a poster which will depict the various contributors to epidemiology. Which individual should the student point out is credited for the founding of modern statistics?

Accepted Answer

William Farr is credited for the founding of modern statistics.

Question 6

A group of nursing students are comparing the various changes in the morbidity and mortality data for the past 150 years. Which change should stand out in the morbidity and mortality rates from 1900 to the present?

Accepted Answer

Noninfectious diseases have increased over the past century due to factors such as aging populations, lifestyle changes, and advancements in medical technology that have reduced mortality from infectious diseases, leading to a shift in the burden of disease towards chronic, noninfectious conditions.

Question 7

The early attempts to investigate illness and disease focused on the study of the experiences of individual people. Using this concept, which definition should be prioritized to explain epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology is fundamentally about studying how health and illness conditions are distributed across different populations and what factors influence that distribution.

Question 8

The nurse is analyzing an epidemiologic study conducted on the occurrence of Zika virus cases in his state. While evaluating the information, which option is the best interpretation of "rate"?

Accepted Answer

Rate in epidemiology is a primary measurement used to describe the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness within a population over a certain period of time.

Question 9

A couple of nursing students are reviewing the history of epidemiology. Which individual should the students be able to point out established the method which is used today to develop vital statistics?

Accepted Answer

John Graunt is credited with establishing the method used to develop vital statistics through his work in demography and the analysis of mortality data.

Question 10

The cholera epidemic in the early 1850s provided the opportunity for an early epidemiologist to collect useful information which has influenced methods used today. Which individual is given credit for performing this early epidemiologic research?

Accepted Answer

John Snow is credited with conducting early epidemiologic research during the cholera epidemic in the early 1850s. He is famous for his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London to a contaminated water pump, which significantly influenced public health and the development of epidemiology.

Question 11

In researching cases of West Nile virus in the community, the nurse explores how the interactions among people infected with this virus, mosquitoes, and the environment they share contribute to outbreaks of this disease. Which epidemiologic model is the nurse prioritizing in this case?

Accepted Answer

The Epidemiologic triad model is being prioritized here, as it focuses on the interactions among the agent (West Nile virus), the host (people), and the environment, which are the three key elements in understanding the dynamics of infectious diseases like West Nile virus outbreaks.

Question 12

The nurse explores all of the possible factors that contribute to coronary artery disease in the community as links in multiple interrelated chains. Which epidemiologic models is the nurse utilizing in this case?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is utilizing the "Web of causation" model, which acknowledges that diseases, such as coronary artery disease, have multiple causes that are interconnected, resembling a web. This model is used to understand complex interrelations among various risk factors and conditions contributing to health issues.

Question 13

The community health nurse addresses an outbreak of viral spinal meningitis in the community. Referring to Leavell and Clark's natural history of disease model, which example of tertiary prevention might the nurse consider in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications. Referring clients with neurologic deficits due to viral spinal meningitis to a neurologist for rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention, as it focuses on helping affected individuals manage long-term health problems and recover as much as possible.

Question 14

A nursing instructor is comparing the nursing process to the epidemiologic process to a group of nursing students. Which action should the instructor point out as similar to the implementation phase of the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

The implementation phase of the nursing process involves putting the planned interventions into action to achieve the goals set for patient care, which aligns with choice B, where actions are initiated to carry out the plan. This is similar in both the nursing and epidemiologic processes, where strategies or interventions are executed to address identified health problems.

Question 15

The nurse is appraising new epidemiologic research concerning the reported cases of measles over the past 5 years. Which is the best explanation for the nurse to apply to "risk factor" when analyzing this research?

Accepted Answer

Risk factor refers to a characteristic or event that increases the likelihood of a specific disease or illness developing in an individual or population.

Question 16

A nursing student is preparing an oral report to be presented to a class portraying the various facts of the natural history of disease. In which order should the student present the three stages in this presentation?

Accepted Answer

The natural history of disease progresses from pathologic onset, to the presymptomatic stage, and finally to the manifestation of clinical disease.

Question 17

The nurse has been requested to investigate the outbreak of H1N1 in the community. In documenting the outbreak, which should the nurse prioritize in its description? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse has been requested to investigate...

Question 18

In researching an outbreak of malaria in the developing nation where the nurse currently works, the nurse decides not to focus on the role of mosquitoes in transmitting the disease but on how the physical environment of the community, biologic aspects of the community, and social customs interact to affect the prevalence of this disease. Which epidemiologic model is the nurse utilizing?

Accepted Answer

The "Wheel of causation" model emphasizes the interaction between the host, the environment, and the agent, focusing on how these factors contribute to disease prevalence, which aligns with the nurse's focus on the physical environment, biologic aspects, and social customs.

Question 19

The nurse is in charge of the flu vaccination program in the community. Which actions should the nurse employ when planning and evaluating this program? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is in charge of the...

Question 20

An exhibit displaying the history of epidemiology highlights the various individuals who are credited with the evolution of the epidemiologic field of study. Whose portrait will be highlighted for using statistics to improve public health in England?

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale is credited with using statistics to improve public health in England, particularly through her work in the Crimean War and her use of statistical graphics to advocate for better sanitary conditions in hospitals.

Quiz 6: Epidemiology: the Science of Prevention