Question 1

What is the difference between preschool friends and school-age friends?

Accepted Answer

Friendship among school-age children is characterized by a higher degree of reciprocity and mutual understanding compared to preschool friendships, which are more based on play and proximity.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of friendship among school-age children?

Accepted Answer

School-age children, especially boys, tend to have more friendships than girls, but these friendships are often less intimate. This reflects the general trend where boys might engage in more group activities and have a wider social network, but their relationships may not involve as much emotional sharing or closeness as those of girls.

Question 3

In middle childhood, boys differ from girls in that boys have

Accepted Answer

In middle childhood, boys tend to have less affectionate friendships compared to girls, who often share more intimate and emotionally close relationships with their friends. Boys' friendships are more likely to be based on shared activities and interests.

Question 4

After age 6 or 7, most children become

Accepted Answer

After age 6 or 7, most children become less aggressive as they develop better coping strategies for emotions and social interactions, contrary to becoming more egocentric, less empathic, or less communicative.

Question 5

Donna, a 5-year-old girl, often acts aggressively toward her playmates to get her own way. She physically fights with children who have toys that she wants, and she snatches their toys from them. Donna's behavior is most likely to be categorized as ________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is goal-oriented and used as a means to achieve a specific outcome, such as obtaining a toy. Donna's behavior of physically fighting and snatching toys to get what she wants fits this description.

Question 6

Aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person is known as ________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is characterized by the intent to harm someone else, often driven by feelings of anger and hostility, rather than by a desire to achieve a goal, which would be instrumental aggression.

Question 7

According to Vaillancourt and Hymel (2006), which of the following is true of aggression in middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression, which involves harming others through manipulation or damage to their relationships or social status, has been associated with increased social influence and popularity among peers, especially in middle childhood. This type of aggression can be subtle and is often used by individuals who are considered popular or influential within their peer groups.

Question 8

Mia, a 12-year-old girl, dislikes her classmate Alice. She often spreads rumors about Alice and encourages others to ignore her. Mia uses similar tactics to hurt other girls in her school. Mia's behavior exemplifies which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Mia's behavior is an example of relational aggression, which involves harming others through purposeful manipulation and damage to their social relationships or social status, rather than physical harm.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about aggression in children after the age of 7?

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression in children after the age of 7 often becomes more verbal than physical. This shift reflects the growing importance of social dynamics and verbal skills as children age.

Question 10

The tendency for individuals to perceive others as trying to hurt them and to strike out in retaliation or self-defense is known as

Accepted Answer

Hostile attribution bias is the tendency to interpret others' behaviors as having hostile intent, even when the behavior is ambiguous or benign. This can lead to retaliatory or defensive actions based on the perception of threat or malice where there might be none.

Question 11

Andy is an 11-year-old boy. While having lunch in the school cafeteria, a boy walking past him misses a step and spills a few drops of his drink on Andy. Andy thinks that the boy's action was deliberate and shouts at him. Which of the following concepts is illustrated by Andy's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Andy's behavior illustrates the hostile attribution bias, which is the tendency to interpret others' behaviors as having hostile intent, even when the behavior is ambiguous or benign. In this case, Andy interpreted the accidental spilling of a drink as a deliberate act.

Question 12

Identify a true statement about hostile aggressors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify a true statement about hostile aggressors.
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Question 13

Which of the following is true of the influence of televised violence on school-age children?

Accepted Answer

The more realistically violence is portrayed, the more likely it is to be accepted.

Question 14

In the context of electronic media violence, which of the following is true of the influence of video games on school-age children?

Accepted Answer

Players of violent video games are indeed active participants rather than passive viewers, and these games often reward players for violent actions, thereby potentially reinforcing those behaviors.

Question 15

Adam and Sofia have a 10-year-old child. They are aware of the negative influences of violent media on children. Therefore, they strictly monitor and control their child's access to media at home. They let him play video games for an hour after homework on school days, and under their supervision, they allow him to watch television for only about 14 hours a week. They also ensure that the media content he has access to is age appropriate. Suggest a change Adam and Sofia should make to ensure that their child is not negatively influenced by media?

Accepted Answer

Reducing the total media exposure time can help minimize the potential negative influences of media on their child, as excessive screen time can contribute to various issues, including exposure to inappropriate content.

Question 16

Aggression deliberately and persistently directed against a particular target, or victim, typically one who is weak, vulnerable, and defenseless is known as

Accepted Answer

Bullying is characterized by aggressive behavior that is intentional and involves an imbalance of power or strength. It is often repeated over time and can be physical, verbal, or social.

Question 17

Dan, who is bigger and stronger than most of his classmates, often pushes them to get ahead in queues. He often snatches food from other children during lunch hours. Dan is most likely engaged in

Accepted Answer

Dan's actions, such as pushing to get ahead in queues and snatching food, are examples of physical bullying, which involves using physical force or actions to intimidate or harm others.

Question 18

Miranda is in fourth grade and often addresses Jenny, her classmate, using derogatory nicknames. Miranda even threatens Jenny and tells her not to talk to her friend, Ron. In this scenario, Jenny is facing

Accepted Answer

Jenny is facing verbal bullying as Miranda is using derogatory nicknames and threats, which are forms of verbal abuse.

Question 19

Claire is always excluded by Regina and her group of friends from all activities in their class. They look down upon her because of her low economic status. Whenever she is not around, they talk negatively about her. In this scenario, Claire is facing

Accepted Answer

Relational bullying involves harming someone's relationships or social status, often through exclusion and spreading rumors, which is what Claire is experiencing.

Question 20

Posting negative comments or derogatory photos of a fellow school student on a website is an example of

Accepted Answer

Posting negative comments or derogatory photos online specifically targets an individual in a harmful manner, which is defined as cyberbullying.

Quiz 13: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood