Question 1

In which of the following locations would you find skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is found in muscles attached to bones, such as the biceps, enabling voluntary movements.

Question 2

In which of the following ways does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are interconnected by intercalated discs that allow them to contract in a coordinated fashion, acting as a single functional unit. This is unlike skeletal muscle cells, which are individually controlled by neural inputs.

Question 3

Which of the following tissue types are attached to a basal lamina or basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissues are attached to a basal lamina or basement membrane, which provides structural support and separates them from underlying connective tissues.

Question 4

Which of the following tissue types is characterized by having cells suspended within an extracellular matrix consisting of a mixture of fibrous proteins and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue is characterized by having cells that are suspended within an extracellular matrix, which is a network of fibrous proteins and carbohydrates. This matrix provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

Question 5

In an organism with either a closed or open circulatory system, most of the body fluids are in the

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid makes up the majority of body fluids in organisms, as it is the fluid contained within cells.

Question 6

If you placed a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, you would predict that its volume would ____ while the solute concentration in its cytoplasm would ____.

Accepted Answer

In a hypotonic solution, water would move into the red blood cell, causing its volume to increase. The influx of water would dilute the solute concentration in the cytoplasm, leading to a decrease in solute concentration.

Question 7

A simplified form of the Fick diffusion equation is J = DA (C₁-C₂) where J is the rate of diffusion, D is a constant, A is the area across which diffusion is occurring, and C₁ and C₂ are the concentrations of the substance on either side of the membrane. Given this, which of the following would INCREASE the rate of diffusion of a solute?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration on one side of the membrane (CS1) while keeping the concentration on the other side constant (CS2) increases the concentration gradient, which directly increases the rate of diffusion according to the Fick diffusion equation.

Question 8

The concept of homeostasis originated with

Accepted Answer

Claude Bernard introduced the concept of the internal environment, which is the basis for the idea of homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a stable internal environment for the function of the body.

Question 9

The heating and cooling system in your house or apartment can be thought of as a homeostatic system. When you turn the thermostat dial to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, this can be thought of as the _____ of the system.

Accepted Answer

The set point in a homeostatic system is the desired or target value that the system aims to maintain, similar to setting a thermostat to a specific temperature like 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

Question 10

The heating and cooling system in your house or apartment can be thought of as a homeostatic system. You set the thermostat to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and the air conditioner turns on and starts cooling the room. The air conditioner can be thought of as the _____ of the system.

Accepted Answer

The air conditioner acts as the effector in the homeostatic system because it is the component that effects change in the environment (cooling the room) to maintain the set point (desired temperature) established by the thermostat.

Question 11

The release of factors by cells that influence the activity of nearby cells is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Paracrine signaling involves the release of factors by cells that affect the activity of nearby cells, distinguishing it from autocrine signaling (affects the same cell), pheromonal signaling (between individuals of the same species), electrical signaling (involves electrical impulses), and exocrine signaling (involves secretion into external environments or ducts).

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are typically secreted from glands into the blood, not directly into the interstitial fluid.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of both neurotransmitters and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Both neurotransmitters and hormones interact with receptors on or inside their target cells, which is fundamental to their mechanism of action in transmitting signals within the body.

Question 14

In the blood clotting process, platelets arrive at the site of damage and start secreting substances to attract more platelets. More platelets arrive at the site and secrete attractants to recruit more platelets. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of positive feedback because the process involves an initial trigger (platelets arriving at the site of damage) that leads to an amplified response (more platelets being attracted to the site), enhancing the direction of the change.

Question 15

Which of the following would not be an example of structure determining function?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices provided are examples of how the specific structure of a biological system or component determines its function. The branching of insect trachea allows for efficient gas exchange, electrical connections between cardiac muscle cells enable synchronized heart contractions, tight packing of epithelial cells forms protective barriers, and the brush border of the small intestine increases surface area for nutrient absorption.

Question 16

A defect in the HoxA-3 would most likely result in

Accepted Answer

HoxA-3 is a gene that is involved in the development of the limbs. A defect in this gene would most likely result in defects of the limbs.

Question 17

Homeotic genes

Accepted Answer

Homeotic genes are found in all animals and are responsible for determining the basic structure and orientation of an organism. They play a crucial role in the development of body plans across a wide range of species.

Question 18

In osmosis

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (or low solute concentration) to an area of low water concentration (or high solute concentration). This movement does not involve the direct movement of solutes.

Question 19

The extracellular matrix contains

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix contains collagen, which provides structural support, and carbohydrates, which are involved in cell adhesion and signaling. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that contains the extracellular matrix, not a component of it, and smooth muscle is a type of tissue, not a component of the extracellular matrix.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands, does not support the weight of body structures. This function is primarily associated with the skeletal system.

Quiz 40: Introduction to Animal Form and Function