Question 1

Body weight should be viewed as the end result of complex interactions between __________.

Accepted Answer

Body weight is determined by a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences, including diet, physical activity, and broader societal factors. Genetics can predispose individuals to certain body types and metabolic rates, while environmental factors can significantly modify these predispositions.

Question 2

The genetically susceptible person gains weight in an obesity-producing environment coupled with a sedentary and __________ with easy access to calorie-dense foods.

Accepted Answer

A stressful environment often leads to increased food intake, particularly of calorie-dense foods, as a coping mechanism, contributing to weight gain in genetically susceptible individuals.

Question 3

Acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time prior to 1900 for discovering fundamental properties related to liver function physiology and nutritional science.

Accepted Answer

Claude Bernard is renowned for his pioneering work in physiology, particularly in areas related to liver function and the principles of experimental medicine. His contributions laid the foundation for modern physiology and nutritional science, making him a key figure in the field before 1900.

Question 4

The ob gene normally becomes activated in __________ to stimulate production of a body fat-signaling protein.

Accepted Answer

The ob gene is activated in adipose tissue, where it stimulates the production of leptin, a hormone that signals the status of body fat reserves to the brain.

Question 5

Activated in adipose tissue where it encodes and stimulates production of a body fat-signaling hormone-like protein, which then enters the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is the hormone in question, encoded by the "ob" (obese) gene. It is produced primarily in adipose tissue and plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn diminishes fat storage in adipocytes. The term "Leptin (ob protein)" directly refers to this function and its genetic origin.

Question 6

Specialized collection of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus that controls appetite and metabolism and develops soon after birth.

Accepted Answer

The Arcuate nucleus is a specialized collection of neurons located in the mediobasal hypothalamus that plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and metabolism. It develops soon after birth and is integral to the body's energy homeostasis.

Question 7

Leptin travels to the __________, the area of the brain that controls appetite and metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, plays a key role in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger. It signals the hypothalamus, a part of the brain involved in controlling appetite and metabolism, about the body's energy status.

Question 8

Increases resistance to satiety chemicals.

Accepted Answer

Defective receptor action can lead to increased resistance to satiety chemicals like leptin, making it harder for the body to recognize when it is full, potentially contributing to overeating and weight gain.

Question 9

In young and middle-aged men, inversely relates physical activity level to __________.

Accepted Answer

Physical activity level is inversely related to body fat levels, meaning that as physical activity increases, body fat levels tend to decrease.

Question 10

Combinations of increased physical activity and caloric restraint offer considerably more flexibility to achieve a negative caloric imbalance than __________.

Accepted Answer

Combinations of increased physical activity and caloric restraint (dieting) provide more options and flexibility for achieving a negative caloric balance compared to relying solely on either physical activity (whether aerobic or anaerobic) or dieting alone. This approach allows for adjustments in both energy intake and expenditure.

Question 11

__________ metabolism decreases when food restriction progressively produces weight loss.

Accepted Answer

Resting metabolism decreases as a response to weight loss due to food restriction. This is because the body requires less energy to maintain a smaller body mass, leading to a decrease in the amount of calories burned at rest.

Question 12

Excessive body fat health risk.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Excessive body fat health risk.
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Question 13

Low-carbohydrate diets.

Accepted Answer

Ketogenic diets are a type of low-carbohydrate diet designed to induce ketosis, a metabolic state in which your body burns fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates.

Question 14

Increase in a muscle's metabolic activity stimulates relatively greater fat mobilization from the adipose tissue in proximity to the active muscle.

Accepted Answer

Spot reduction is the concept that fat can be targeted for reduction from a specific area of the body through exercising the muscles in that area. The statement describes a misconception related to spot reduction, as it suggests that working out a muscle group will lead to fat loss specifically in the area around those muscles. However, fat loss occurs systemically, not in a localized manner, making the concept of spot reduction largely a myth.

Question 15

The __________ thermic effect of dietary protein, as well as the relatively __________ coefficient of digestibility, ultimately reduces the net calories available from ingested protein.

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of protein is elevated, meaning it requires more energy to digest, and it has a relatively low coefficient of digestibility, which means not all ingested protein is absorbed, reducing net calories available.

Question 16

Human eating behavior intimately ties to external cues and __________ to power the body's vital processes and sustain life.

Accepted Answer

Human eating behavior is influenced by both external cues and physiologic cues, which are signals from the body indicating hunger or fullness to maintain energy balance and support life-sustaining processes.

Question 17

Standard resistance training performed regularly increases ___________ (if FFM increases).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Standard resistance training performed regularly increases ___________...

Question 18

Daily energy expenditure:

Accepted Answer

Daily energy expenditure includes both the thermogenic influences of food (known as the thermic effect of food) and the resting metabolic rate, which accounts for the majority of daily energy expenditure. The other options overstate the contribution of specific components.

Question 19

Percentage of the U.S. population classified as overweight or obese.

Accepted Answer

As of the latest data, over 65% of the U.S. population is classified as overweight or obese, reflecting a significant public health concern.

Question 20

Documented health risk of obesity.

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to the increased strain on the heart and blood vessels.

Quiz 14: Energy Balance, Physical Activity