Question 1

A study design that includes a single independent variable is called:
A) Two-way design
B) Factorial design
C) One-way design
D) Single-blind study

Accepted Answer

A one-way design involves a single independent variable, allowing researchers to examine its effect on a dependent variable without the influence of other variables.

Question 2

A study design in which subjects are randomly assigned to groups and the groups complete the conditions of a study in random order is called:
A) Quasi-experimental study
B) Crossover design
C) Between-subjects design
D) Independent groups design

Accepted Answer

A crossover design is characterized by subjects being randomly assigned to groups and those groups then completing the conditions of the study in a random order. This allows each participant to serve as their own control, enhancing the study's ability to detect treatment effects.

Question 3

A study design in which subjects are randomly assigned to and participate in only one of two groups is called:
A) Quasi-experimental study
B) Crossover design
C) Within-subjects design
D) Independent groups design

Accepted Answer

An independent groups design, also known as a between-subjects design, is a study design where subjects are randomly assigned to and participate in only one of two (or more) groups. Each participant experiences only one condition.

Question 4

A study design that lacks random assignment, a comparison group, or both, is called:
A) Quasi-experimental study
B) Crossover design
C) Within-subjects design
D) Independent groups design

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental studies lack random assignment and sometimes lack a comparison group, distinguishing them from true experimental designs which require both.

Question 5

A study design feature that allows a researcher to use the change in a subject's measurements over the study period as a dependent variable is called:
A) Between-subjects design
B) Pretest-posttest design
C) Factorial design
D) Control group design

Accepted Answer

A pretest-posttest design involves measuring subjects before and after an intervention, allowing researchers to use the change in measurements as a dependent variable to assess the effect of the intervention.

Question 6

A study is designed to investigate the difference between two different intensities of ultrasound as well as two different durations of ultrasound treatment for treatment of diabetic ulcers. This research design would be classified as:
A) One-way (single factor) design
B) Two-way (two factor) design
C) Three-way (three factor) design
D) Four-way (four factor) design

Accepted Answer

This study involves two factors: the intensity of ultrasound and the duration of ultrasound treatment, making it a two-way (two factor) design.

Question 7

A method for ensuring that individuals involved in a study do not know the group classification of subjects is called:
A) Masking
B) Washout
C) Carryover
D) Crossover

Accepted Answer

Masking, also known as blinding, is a method used in research studies to prevent bias by ensuring that the participants, and sometimes the researchers, do not know which group (e.g., treatment or control) the subjects have been assigned to. This helps in maintaining the objectivity of the study.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a classification of control group?
A) No-treatment control group
B) Placebo control group
C) Experimental control group
D) Active control group

Accepted Answer

The term "experimental control group" is not a standard classification of control groups in research studies. Control groups are typically classified based on the type of control they provide, such as no-treatment, placebo, or active control groups, to compare against the experimental group's intervention.

Question 9

A washout period is incorporated into a research design to minimize:
A) Crossover effect
B) Carryover effect
C) Bias
D) Blinding

Accepted Answer

A washout period is used in studies, especially crossover studies, to minimize the carryover effect of a treatment from one period of the study to the next. This ensures that the effects of the first treatment do not influence the outcomes measured after the second treatment is administered.

Question 10

Attrition will impact:
A) Number of groups
B) Number of subjects
C) Reliability
D) Length of experiment

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attrition will impact:
A) Number of groups
B) Number...

Question 11

Threats to the validity of a study include:
A) Sampling bias
B) Large sample size
C) Use of appropriate statistical tests
D) Blinding

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias can threaten the validity of a study by introducing systematic differences between the groups being compared, potentially leading to inaccurate or misleading results. Large sample size, use of appropriate statistical tests, and blinding are generally strategies to improve the validity and reliability of study findings, not threats.

Question 12

PTAs should be able to read, understand, and appraise experimental research because it is primarily used to investigate:
A) Diagnostics
B) Interventions
C) Outcomes
D) Prognostic factors

Accepted Answer

Experimental research is primarily used to investigate interventions, as it involves manipulating variables to determine the effects of specific treatments or actions.

Quiz 4: Experimental Research

A study design that includes a single independent variable is called:

A study design in which subjects are randomly assigned to groups and the groups complete the conditions of a study in random order is called:

A study design in which subjects are randomly assigned to and participate in only one of two groups is called:

A study design that lacks random assignment, a comparison group, or both, is called:

A study design feature that allows a researcher to use the change in a subject's measurements over the study period as a dependent variable is called:

A study is designed to investigate the difference between two different intensities of ultrasound as well as two different durations of ultrasound treatment for treatment of diabetic ulcers. This research design would be classified as:

A method for ensuring that individuals involved in a study do not know the group classification of subjects is called:

Which of the following is not a classification of control group?

A washout period is incorporated into a research design to minimize:

Attrition will impact:

Threats to the validity of a study include:

PTAs should be able to read, understand, and appraise experimental research because it is primarily used to investigate: