Question 1

Regarding multicultural theory, which statement(s) is/are true?

Accepted Answer

Multicultural theory emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity in all counseling theories and approaches, recognizing the diverse backgrounds of clients and the need for therapists to be aware of cultural differences and their impact on the counseling process. It is not a specific theory of psychotherapy, nor does it suggest that culturally diverse clients should change to fit a dominant culture. The statement about there being 12 "other theories" and a 13th multicultural theory is incorrect, as multicultural considerations are meant to be integrated across all theories rather than standing alone as a separate entity.

Question 2

Which statement is NOT true regarding cultural oppression?

Accepted Answer

Cultural oppression still exists despite the development of multicultural theories and practices. The assertion that it no longer exists due to multicultural theory is incorrect, as these theories aim to address and mitigate cultural oppression rather than having already eradicated it.

Question 3

Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of the multicultural counseling perspective?

Accepted Answer

The rise of the multicultural counseling perspective was significantly influenced by the historical and ongoing oppression of individuals who were ethnically different, as well as the current intentional and/or inadvertent oppression of minority groups. This perspective emerged as a response to the need for more inclusive and understanding approaches in counseling that take into account the diverse backgrounds and experiences of individuals. The idea of the natural superiority of particular racial groups is not a factor that contributed to the rise of multicultural counseling; instead, multicultural counseling challenges such notions by promoting equality and understanding.

Question 4

What does color blindness refer to?

Accepted Answer

Color blindness, in a sociological context, refers to the idea of ignoring or pretending not to see racial and cultural differences, which can lead to denying the existence of racism and white privilege.

Question 5

S. A. Cartwright claimed discovery of drapetomania, which he described as:

Accepted Answer

Drapetomania was a pseudoscientific concept proposed by Samuel A. Cartwright in the 19th century, suggesting that enslaved Africans had a mental illness that caused them to flee captivity.

Question 6

The cure for dysethesis was extra hard labor, which supposedly:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cure for dysethesis was extra hard...

Question 7

Which of these statements is the most contrary to or in opposition of what Freud would say about being a woman?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that women have weaker superegos compared to men, as he thought the superego developed during the Oedipal complex, a stage he believed was less successfully navigated by girls. Therefore, stating that women have overdeveloped superegos is contrary to his views.

Question 8

The multicultural movement in psychology and counseling was made possible in part by which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

The multicultural movement in psychology and counseling was significantly influenced by both a shifting awareness within the U.S. populace and political changes within the U.S. government, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These factors contributed to a broader recognition of the importance of cultural, racial, and ethnic diversity within the field.

Question 9

Most generally, culture is understood as a set of learnings one obtains from the ___________ into which one has been born.

Accepted Answer

Culture is broadly defined as the set of learnings obtained from the overall environment into which one is born, encompassing elements such as traditions, beliefs, and social norms.

Question 10

Examples of culture include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses a broad range of human phenomena, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group. While gender, class, and sexual orientation can influence cultural experiences and perspectives, they are more accurately aspects of identity or social positioning rather than cultures themselves. However, the statement "These all can be viewed as examples of culture" suggests a broader interpretation of culture that can include the shared experiences and social constructs around these aspects. Therefore, in this context, all the given options can be viewed through a cultural lens, making the statement that they are all examples of culture correct.

Question 11

Which of the following best defines white privilege?

Accepted Answer

White privilege refers to the societal privileges that benefit white people over non-white people in some societies, particularly if they are otherwise under the same social, political, or economic circumstances. It stems from historical and ongoing systemic racism and is not necessarily about individual prejudices but about the systemic and institutional advantages held by white people. Option A accurately describes this as the often unconscious benefits and unearned assets that the dominant (or white) culture receives, which is not about demanding or rejecting special treatment, nor is it as narrow as economic discounts.

Question 12

Which of the following is/are the best definition(s) for the term stereotype?

Accepted Answer

A stereotype is a standardized and oversimplified mental picture or idea about members of a group.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT identified as a theme that white trainees fear when engaging in interracial dialogues?

Accepted Answer

Endorsement of color blindness is not identified as a theme that white trainees fear when engaging in interracial dialogues. Instead, it's often critiqued as a way to ignore racial differences and the realities of racism.

Question 14

Which of the following did Sue et al. (2010) offer as a recommendation for continued progress in facilitating valuable multicultural and intercultural discussions?

Accepted Answer

Sue et al. (2010) emphasized the importance of instructors or facilitators modeling openness and honesty in discussions about multicultural and intercultural issues. This approach helps create a safe and respectful environment that encourages meaningful dialogue.

Question 15

Kim Lee has chosen to come to counseling. His therapist is using a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) model to help Kim overcome his harsh and negative self-statements. Kim complains that he finds these internal statements to be helpful to him in his life. Which statement is true about this counseling process?

Accepted Answer

Imported Western ideas, including those related to psychopathology and the perception of negative self-statements, may not always align well with the cultural values and perspectives of Asian clients. This discrepancy can affect the effectiveness of certain therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, which often focuses on challenging and changing negative self-statements. Cultural sensitivity and adaptation of therapy models are important to consider in counseling diverse populations.

Question 16

Which statement is true regarding the impact of Western ideological presuppositions on Asia?

Accepted Answer

Western ideological presuppositions, including those in psychology, have led to the creation of stereotypes about Asians. These stereotypes are perpetuated not only by Western researchers but also by Asian researchers who rely on Western (mainly American) psychological theories and methodologies, which may not fully capture the nuances of Asian cultures and psychologies.

Question 17

____________ is broadly defined as the valuing of diverse perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Multiculturalism is the correct answer because it refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviors, cultural assumptions, and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles. It inherently involves valuing and respecting diverse perspectives.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a basic multicultural principle that forms the foundation of multicultural theory and practice?

Accepted Answer

All the given options are basic, foundational multicultural principles that are integral to multicultural theory and practice.

Question 19

What are the three sets of multicultural competencies?

Accepted Answer

The three sets of multicultural competencies are awareness, knowledge, and skills. These competencies are essential for effectively working across diverse cultures, understanding cultural differences, and applying this understanding in various contexts.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the American Psychological Association's six Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists (2002)?

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association's guidelines emphasize the importance of cultural competence in various aspects of psychological practice, including education, research, and clinical skills. They do not advocate for refraining from research on the dominant culture; instead, they promote understanding and sensitivity towards all cultures, including the dominant one.

Quiz 13: Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills