What perspective on crime supports the primary goal of deterrence, NOT revenge; the idea that to be effective, punishment must be certain and must fit the crime; the view that people can be dissuaded from committing a crime by the spectre of certain, swift, and measured consequences; and the perspective of recent "tough on crime" approaches that involve mandatory minimum sentences and mass incarceration to reduce crime rates?

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The Classical School of criminology, founded by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, posits that people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions and that crime can be deterred by punishments that are certain, swift, and proportional to the crime, thus focusing on deterrence rather than revenge. This perspective underlies many "tough on crime" policies, including mandatory minimum sentences and mass incarceration, aimed at deterring crime through the fear of certain punishment.

What Perspective on Crime Supports the Primary Goal of Deterrence