Question 1

The purpose of the premises or premise is to set forth the reasons or evidence given in support of the conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The premises in an argument are statements or propositions that are put forward as the reasons or evidence in support of the conclusion. They provide the foundation upon which the conclusion is based.

Question 2

The words "therefore," "hence," "so," "since," and "thus" are all conclusion indicators.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

According to the Principle of Bivalence, every statement must have a truth-value.

Accepted Answer

The Principle of Bivalence holds that every declarative statement must be either true or false, leaving no middle ground for ambiguity or a third truth-value.

Question 4

The person usually credited with being the father of logic is Plato.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle is usually credited with being the father of logic, as he was the first to formalize a system of reasoning.

Question 5

If a deductive argument has true premises and a false conclusion, it is necessarily valid.

Accepted Answer

A deductive argument is considered valid if and only if it is impossible for the premises to be true while the conclusion is false. If a deductive argument has true premises and a false conclusion, it means the argument is invalid, as the truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion.

Question 6

A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A valid argument is one where if the premises are true, the conclusion must follow. However, validity does not concern the actual truth of the premises or the conclusion, but rather the logical structure of the argument. Therefore, an argument can be valid even if both the premises and the conclusion are false.

Question 7

A sound argument may have a false conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A sound argument, by definition, is one that is not only valid (meaning if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true) but also has all true premises. Therefore, a sound argument cannot have a false conclusion.

Question 8

A statement may be legitimately spoken of as "valid" or "invalid."

Accepted Answer

A statement is typically described as "true" or "false," while an argument is described as "valid" or "invalid."

Question 9

An argument may be legitimately spoken of as "true" or "false."

Accepted Answer

An argument is evaluated based on its validity and soundness, not truth or falsehood. These terms apply to the premises and conclusion within the argument, not the argument as a whole.

Question 10

"Which way did he go?" is an example of a proposition.

Accepted Answer

A proposition is a statement that can be either true or false. "Which way did he go?" is a question, not a statement, and therefore cannot be classified as a proposition.

Question 11

Propositions are made up of arguments.

Accepted Answer

Propositions are statements that express a complete thought and can be either true or false, but they do not contain arguments themselves. Arguments are made up of propositions that work together to support a conclusion.

Question 12

Voir dire is a vetting process used in selecting jurors.

Accepted Answer

Voir dire is a legal process used during jury selection where attorneys and the judge ask potential jurors questions to determine if they are suitable for serving on a jury in a particular case.

Question 13

An Ad Hominem Fallacy attacks the person rather than the argument.

Accepted Answer

An Ad Hominem Fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself.

Question 14

The Strawman Fallacy tries to strengthen an opponent's argument prior to attacking it.

Accepted Answer

The Strawman Fallacy involves misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack, not strengthening it.

Question 15

The Red Herring Fallacy attempts to lead the reader off the track to an alternate conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The Red Herring Fallacy involves introducing irrelevant material to the argument to distract and lead the audience away from the original issue.

Question 16

In a convergent argument, if one statement fails, the argument fails

Accepted Answer

In a convergent argument, multiple premises support the conclusion independently, so if one premise fails, the others can still support the conclusion.

Question 17

In a linked argument, if one statement fails, the argument fails.

Accepted Answer

In a linked argument, the premises are interdependent, meaning if one premise fails, it undermines the entire argument because the premises work together to support the conclusion.

Question 18

An enthymeme is an argument that is missing a statement.

Accepted Answer

An enthymeme is a type of argument where one premise is not explicitly stated but is implied, making it an argument that is missing a statement.

Question 19

All arguments have two premises and a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

Arguments can have any number of premises (one or more) but typically have only one conclusion. The structure of an argument is not limited to two premises.

Question 20

Determine whether the following sentences are statements.
-The Bhagavad-Gita is part of the Mahabharata.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the following sentences are statements.
-The...

Quiz 1: Understanding Logic and Fallacies