Question 1

The epiglottis acts as a

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis acts as a cover over the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the windpipe during swallowing.

Question 2

Collectively, the nose, oral cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx make up the

Accepted Answer

These structures are part of the upper respiratory system, which is responsible for the intake of air, filtration, humidification, and warming. The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx are specific regions within this system.

Question 3

The cilia present on cells of the lower respiratory system function by:

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

The most common causative agent of a swollen and painful oropharynx is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common causative agent of a...

Question 5

Infections associated with cystic fibrosis are due to inflammation of the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infections associated with cystic fibrosis are due...

Question 6

A physician sends a nasal washing for viral culture. This specimen is

Accepted Answer

Nasal washings are acceptable for viral culture if they contain epithelial cells, as these cells are where respiratory viruses replicate. The presence of epithelial cells indicates that the sample is likely to yield a productive culture if the virus is present.

Question 7

A patient is unable to produce adequate sputum for routine, acid-fast, and fungal cultures. The physician may attempt to obtain a/an

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is unable to produce adequate...

Question 8

Review the image provided. The presence of this cell in an expectorated sputum indicates
 Source: CDC and James Volk

Accepted Answer

The answer of Review the image provided. The presence of...

Question 9

Two throat swabs are received from a 6-year-old female with orders for a rapid screen for group A Streptococcus. One swab is tested using the group A Streptococcus rapid screen, and it is negative. The second swab is used to inoculate

Accepted Answer

Sheep blood agar is the appropriate medium for culturing Streptococcus species, including group A Streptococcus, as it allows for the observation of hemolysis patterns which are important for identification.

Question 10

Which of the following disease states requires the addition of selective and/or differential medium to ensure recovery of potential pathogens from the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Pertussis (whooping cough) is caused by Bordetella pertussis, a bacterium that requires selective media for isolation due to its fastidious nature. Cystic fibrosis patients are prone to infections by specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which may require differential media for identification among other microbial flora. Laryngitis, however, can be caused by a variety of pathogens not necessarily requiring selective or differential media for recovery.

Question 11

A throat culture provides the following results:
Moderate growth of alpha-hemolytic, catalase-negative, optochin-susceptible, gram-positive diplococci
Heavy growth of alpha-hemolytic, catalase-negative, optochin-resistant, gram-positive cocci
Heavy growth of gamma-hemolytic, oxidase-positive, glucose- and maltose-positive, gram diplococci
You would report

Accepted Answer

The answer of A throat culture provides the following results:
Moderate...

Question 12

Yeast colonies in a sputum culture are considered significant when they

Accepted Answer

Yeast colonies in a sputum culture are considered significant when they comprise 50% or more of the organisms present, indicating a potential infection rather than contamination.

Question 13

An 8-year-old male presents with a red and sore throat. The rapid group A Streptococcus screen is negative, and a sheep blood agar is inoculated. At 24 hours, there are no beta-hemolytic colonies present and moderate growth of normal upper respiratory flora. At 48 hours, the same culture results are present. Which of the following statements does not explain these results?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An 8-year-old male presents with a red...

Question 14

A 82-year-old female is hospitalized with pneumonia. The image provided is the direct Gram stain of her sputum. The sputum culture, after 48 hours incubation, reveals: Moderate growth of Enterobacter aerogenes Light growth of normal upper respiratory flora Based on all information obtained, you determine

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 82-year-old female is hospitalized with pneumonia....

Question 15

A comatose 28-year-old male was hospitalized three days ago due to head trauma after a motorcycle accident. He has been on a ventilator since admission. He has developed a fever. The physician orders blood, urine, and sputum cultures. The direct sputum Gram stain reveals the results noted in the image provided.
 The blood and urine cultures are negative at 48 hours. The sputum culture grows a predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae with no normal upper respiratory flora present. This patient's infection
Is probably due to

Accepted Answer

The answer of A comatose 28-year-old male was hospitalized three...

Question 16

A pleural fluid is received in a capped syringe. A portion is centrifuged and the sediment is used to plate to sheep blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agars as well as a thioglycolate broth. The direct Gram stain results are demonstrated in the image
 provided
 Source: CDC and Dr. Norman Jacobs
At 24 hours, 2 colonies of a white, gamma-hemolytic colony were present on the sheep
Blood agar. The organism is a catalase-positive, Staphylococcus latex
Agglutination- negative, gram-positive coccus. The organism proved to be oxacillin
Resistant on susceptibility testing. Based on these results, you

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pleural fluid is received in a...

Question 17

A quantitative bronchial alveolar lavage culture requires:
1) sheep blood agar.
2) chocolate agar.
3) 0.01 mL pipette.
4) 0.001 mL pipette

Accepted Answer

The answer of A quantitative bronchial alveolar lavage culture requires:
1)...

Question 18

A bronchial washing is plated to a BCYE. This agar should be examined under a laminar flow hood due to the potential for recovery of Legionella pneumophila and

Accepted Answer

BCYE agar is used to culture Legionella pneumophila and can also support the growth of Francisella tularensis, both of which are potentially hazardous and require careful handling under a laminar flow hood.

Question 19

A 92-year-old male is hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. The image provided is the direct Gram stain of his sputum.
 The sputum culture, after 48 hours incubation, reveals:
Moderate growth of small "hockey puck" colonies that produce a blue-green
Butyrate esterase result
Light growth of normal upper respiratory flora
Based on all information obtained, you report moderate growth of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 92-year-old male is hospitalized with community-acquired...

Question 20

A physician submits a sputum with a culture request for Legionella. Select the growth medium that should be used to cultivate this organism.

Accepted Answer

BCYE (Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract) agar is the appropriate growth medium for Legionella species, as it provides the necessary nutrients and environment for the bacteria to grow.

Quiz 33: Respiratory System