Question 1

Copyright laws do not cover online material.

Accepted Answer

Copyright laws do cover online material, just like they cover other forms of content such as books, music, and videos. Online material is subject to the same copyright protection as any other type of content, and unauthorized use or distribution of such material can result in legal action.

Question 2

A credit card company selling its customers' mailing addresses to its competitors is considered to be ethical.

Accepted Answer

Selling customers' private information without their permission is a violation of privacy and considered unethical. The credit card company has a responsibility to protect its customers' personal information and not share it with their competitors.

Question 3

Log files are small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive.

Accepted Answer

Log files are small text files that contain data regarding system events, errors, user authentication, and other important information that occur within an operating system or application. They are not embedded in a web browser and are not saved on the user's hard drive.

Question 4

Information in databases can now be cross-matched to create profiles of people and predict their behavior,based on their transactions with educational,financial,and governmental institutions.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as data scientists can use advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze data from different sources and create profiles of individuals to predict their behavior. This is commonly known as data profiling or predictive analytics. However, there are ethical concerns about the use of this technique, particularly in terms of privacy and data protection.

Question 5

Even a small response for a spam is worthwhile return on the investment because,sending these e-mails are very inexpensive.

Accepted Answer

Spam emails can be sent to a large number of people at a very low cost, making any response, even a small one, a worthwhile return on investment for spammers.

Question 6

Cookies can be considered an invasion of privacy.

Accepted Answer

Cookies can track a user's online activity and behavior, including personal information such as search history and login credentials, which some users may consider an invasion of their privacy.

Question 7

Information technologies have a direct effect on the nature of jobs.

Accepted Answer

Information technologies have led to the automation of certain tasks and the creation of new job roles that require advanced technological skills, thereby changing the nature of jobs.

Question 8

Having a clear,specific policy can help prevent legal actions users might take against an organization,as in cases of termination.

Accepted Answer

A clear and specific policy can outline the expectations and consequences for behavior, which can prevent misunderstandings and legal disputes.

Question 9

Cookies cannot provide information about the user's location and computer equipment.

Accepted Answer

Cookies can provide information about the user's location and computer equipment.

Question 10

A person making two copies of a software package he just bought and selling one of the copies to his friend is considered to be illegal as well as unethical.

Accepted Answer

Copying and selling software without the permission of the copyright holder is a violation of copyright law and therefore illegal. It is also unethical as it involves stealing someone else's intellectual property and potentially damaging their ability to make a living from their work.

Question 11

A supervisor fires a programmer who has intentionally spread viruses to the organization's network.The supervisor's behavior is both ethical and legal.

Accepted Answer

Intentionally spreading viruses is unethical and illegal. It is within the supervisor's rights and duties to terminate an employee who has engaged in such behavior.

Question 12

A patent protects product names and identifying marks.

Accepted Answer

A patent actually protects new inventions and processes, not product names or identifying marks. Trademarks and service marks are used to protect product names and logos, while trade dress is used to protect the overall look and feel of a product or packaging.

Question 13

An organization can generate revenue by licensing its patent to others.

Accepted Answer

Licensing allows the patent owner to earn money by granting others the right to use their patented invention in exchange for a fee or royalty.

Question 14

Information technology has eliminated more types of jobs than it has created.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Information technology has eliminated more types of...

Question 15

Sometimes cookies are useful or innocuous.

Accepted Answer

Cookies can be used for beneficial purposes such as remembering user preferences or facilitating website functionality. They can also be harmless, as they do not directly harm a user's device or personal information.

Question 16

Information technologies have led to "job deskilling."

Accepted Answer

With the increasing use of automation and computerization, many jobs that once required specialized skills are now being replaced by machines, leading to job deskilling.

Question 17

Information technologies have decreased the ease of access to information for hackers as well as for legitimate organizations.

Accepted Answer

Information technologies have increased the ease of access to information for both hackers and legitimate organizations. This has led to a greater need for cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive information.

Question 18

Private information on the Web-what is posted by a person-is not subject to censorship because of our constitutional freedom of expression.

Accepted Answer

Private information posted by a person is protected by the constitutional freedom of expression, and therefore cannot be censored. However, there may be limitations to this freedom in certain circumstances, such as if the information is considered defamatory or poses a threat to national security.

Question 19

Spamming has created decency concerns,because these e-mails often contain explicit language or nudity and can be opened by children.

Accepted Answer

Spam emails often contain inappropriate content and can be accidentally opened by children, leading to decency concerns.

Question 20

Some "information paranoia" is valid because information about almost every aspect of people's lives is now stored on various databases.

Accepted Answer

With the advancement of technology, information about individuals is now stored on various databases, such as their financial information, health records, and online activity. It is understandable for individuals to be cautious about who has access to this information and how it is being used.

Quiz 4: Personal,legal,ethical,and Organizational Issues of Information Systems