Question 1

Within the lie detection literature the emotional approach (Ekman, 2001) states that lying causes emotions that differ from those experienced while telling the truth.

Accepted Answer

The emotional approach, as proposed by Ekman (2001), suggests that lying often induces emotions such as guilt, fear, or excitement, which differ from those experienced when telling the truth, and these emotional cues can potentially be detected to identify lies.

Question 2

In which approach to lie detection are the similarities between liars and truth tellers emphasised, rather than lying and truth-telling being seen as qualitatively different?
A) The emotional approach
B) The cognitive load approach
C) The attempted control approach
D) The self-presentational perspective

Accepted Answer

The self-presentational perspective emphasizes the similarities between liars and truth tellers, focusing on how both manage their self-presentation rather than viewing lying and truth-telling as qualitatively different.

Question 3

In De Paulo and colleagues' meta-analyses of research on cues to deception they found that there are many reliable cues to deception.

Accepted Answer

De Paulo and colleagues' meta-analyses found that there are no specific, reliable cues to deception that apply universally, indicating that detecting deception based on cues alone is challenging.

Question 4

The ability of humans to detect deception is not much better than chance.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that humans, including trained professionals, are only slightly better than chance at detecting deception, with accuracy rates often close to 54%, which is not significantly better than the 50% expected by random guessing.

Question 5

Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) is a key component of which verbal method of deception detection?
A) Statement validity assessment (SVA)
B) Reality monitoring (RM)
C) Scientific content analysis (SCAN)
D) Voice stress analysis (VSA)

Accepted Answer

Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) is a key component of Statement Validity Assessment (SVA), which is a structured approach to analyzing the credibility of statements, particularly in legal contexts.

Question 6

Reality monitoring refers to the ability to discriminate between self-experienced and imagined events.

Accepted Answer

Reality monitoring is a cognitive process that allows individuals to distinguish between memories of actual experiences and those that were imagined or thought about.

Question 7

The polygraph typically measures three physiological (bodily) reactions in an attempt to identify liars. Two of the three reactions typically measured are galvanic skin response and cardiovascular activity (such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure). What is the third reaction measured?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The polygraph typically measures three physiological (bodily)...

Question 8

The control question tests (CQT) are based on the notion that a guilty subject will react more strongly to the relevant questions than to the control questions, while the opposite pattern is expected for innocent people.

Accepted Answer

The control question test (CQT) in polygraph examinations operates on the principle that a guilty person will exhibit stronger physiological responses to relevant questions about the crime compared to control questions, whereas an innocent person is expected to react more strongly to the control questions than to the relevant ones, due to the assumption that the control questions are more threatening to innocent individuals.

Question 9

The control questions test (CQT) is one well-known version of the polygraph test. What is the other well-known version?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The control questions test (CQT) is one...

Question 10

______, such as tongue biting, counting backwards and pressing one's toes to the floor, are any attempt made by an individual to alter their "normal" physiological responses to questions and thereby influence the outcome of a polygraph test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______, such as tongue biting, counting backwards...

Question 11

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has indicated that increased activity in which area of the brain is associated with lying?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has indicated...

Quiz 9: Detecting Deception