Question 1

Chemical compounds that supply the energy and raw materials we need to survive are known as

Accepted Answer

Nutrients are the chemical compounds that provide the energy and raw materials necessary for survival, growth, and reproduction. They include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 2

A poor diet contributes to heart disease, breast cancer, obesity, and

Accepted Answer

A poor diet can contribute to arthritis by promoting inflammation and weight gain, which can put extra stress on the joints.

Question 3

Jenna and Daria both want to splurge on a restaurant for dinner tonight. Which meal would be their healthiest choice to eat?

Accepted Answer

Japanese: Steamed brown rice, grilled tofu with broccoli is the healthiest choice because it includes whole grains, lean protein, and vegetables, providing a balanced meal with lower saturated fat and high nutritional value.

Question 4

College students typically come to school with preexisting preferences based on insufficient nutritional knowledge. A common example of these preferences includes

Accepted Answer

College students often prefer high-protein foods due to misconceptions about nutrition, such as believing they are necessary for energy or muscle building, despite lacking comprehensive nutritional knowledge.

Question 5

Which of the following food choices would be considered the least healthy in terms of fat content?

Accepted Answer

Fettuccine Alfredo is considered the least healthy in terms of fat content because it is made with heavy cream, butter, and cheese, which are high in saturated fats.

Question 6

A measure of the amount of chemical energy that a food provides is known as

Accepted Answer

A calorie is a unit of energy that measures the amount of chemical energy food provides when consumed and metabolized by the body.

Question 7

People under stress often

Accepted Answer

People under stress often use sugar to alter energy levels as a quick source of energy and comfort, even though it's not a healthy coping mechanism.

Question 8

Essential nutrients

Accepted Answer

Essential nutrients are those that the body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through the diet.

Question 9

Which nutrient makes up antibodies that protect us from disease, assists with building and repair of bone and skin, and helps to transport oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are essential for the immune system, as they form antibodies that protect the body from disease. They are also crucial for the repair and building of tissues, including bone and skin, and play a role in transporting oxygen in the blood through molecules like hemoglobin.

Question 10

Substances that serve as crucial structural components of the body are known as

Accepted Answer

Proteins are crucial structural components of the body, as they are essential for building and repairing tissues, including muscles, skin, and organs.

Question 11

Subunits of protein molecules are known as

Accepted Answer

Protein molecules are made up of subunits called amino acids. These are the building blocks of proteins, linking together in various sequences to form different proteins.

Question 12

Of the 20 different types of amino acids, ________ are considered essential.

Accepted Answer

9 of the 20 different types of amino acids are considered essential because the human body cannot synthesize them, and they must be obtained through diet.

Question 13

Which of the following would be considered a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Steak is considered a complete protein source because it contains all nine essential amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize on its own.

Question 14

Proteins from plant sources

Accepted Answer

Plant proteins can be combined to form complementary proteins, ensuring that all essential amino acids are obtained, which is especially important in vegetarian and vegan diets.

Question 15

The daily protein requirement for an elite athlete is approximately

Accepted Answer

Elite athletes often require a higher intake of protein to support muscle repair and growth, with recommendations around 1.2 to 2.0 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, making 1.6 grams a suitable average.

Question 16

John is a healthy 20-year-old college student. He weighs 160 lbs and jogs at a moderate pace 3 days per week for 20 minutes. Based on this information, approximately how many grams of protein does he need daily?

Accepted Answer

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein for most adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. John weighs approximately 72.6 kg (160 lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg). Therefore, his daily protein need is about 58 grams (72.6 kg * 0.8 g/kg), which rounds to approximately 60 grams, considering his moderate activity level.

Question 17

A good source of complex carbohydrate includes

Accepted Answer

Squash is a good source of complex carbohydrates, which are found in whole, unprocessed foods such as vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Complex carbohydrates provide energy along with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Milk and grapes are primarily sources of simple carbohydrates, while eggs are a source of protein and do not contain carbohydrates.

Question 18

Simple carbohydrates primarily provide

Accepted Answer

Simple carbohydrates are primarily a source of energy because they can be quickly broken down into glucose, which is a primary energy source for the body.

Question 19

Which of these is the best source of soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Dried beans are an excellent source of soluble fiber, which can help lower cholesterol and improve heart health. Eggs, white bread, and chicken are not significant sources of soluble fiber.

Question 20

Starches and other complex carbohydrates are also called

Accepted Answer

Starches and other complex carbohydrates are classified as polysaccharides, which are long chains of monosaccharide units.

Quiz 7: Improving Your Nutrition